Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 structural defenses of the nervous system?

A

protection of the skull and spinal column, cushion of the CSF, restricted permeability of the blood brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 cellular defenses of the nervous system?

A

phagocytes called microglial cells and macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the normal biota of the nervous system?

A

there are none

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Causative agent of meningitis

A

Neisseria meningitides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Causative agent of polio

A

Poliovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Causative agent of CJD

A

prions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Causative agent of rabies

A

Rabies Virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Causative agent of Tetanus

A

Clostridium tetani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causative agent of botulism

A

Clostridium botulinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tetanus and botulism are both

A

endospore forming anaerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

C. tetani produces a powerful neurotoxin called

A

tetanospasmin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Symptoms of tetanus

A

clenching of the jaw, extreme arching of the back, flexion of the arms and extension of the legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

C. botulinum releases a neurotoxin called botulinum that results

A

in paralysis and loss of ability to contract muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Characteristics of Neisseria meningitides

A

gram negative diplococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 virulence factors of Neisseria meningitides

A

IgA protease that breaks down antibodies and a capsule to protect it from phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does N. meningitides damage blood vessels and what is it called?

A

Petechiae, it releases an endotoxin that stimulates certain WBC’s that release cytokines that damage the blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

causative agent of malaria

A

Plasmodium genus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

causative agent of AIDS

A

HIV virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

causative agent of endocarditis

A

Staphylococcus aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

causative agent of plague

A

Yersinia pestis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

causative agent of lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

causative agent of anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

causative agent of infectious mononucleosis

A

Epstein Barr Virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

causative agent of subacute endocarditis

A

alpha-hemolytic streptococci

25
Q

Vector for the plague

A

fleas

26
Q

Different forms of plague

A

bubonic plague and septicemic plague

27
Q

describe the bubonic plague

A

bacterium enters the lymph and nodes. This causes an inflamed, necrotic lymph node called a bubo.

28
Q

describe the septicemic plague

A

bacteria present in the blood results in subcutaneous hemorrhaging called purpura (black lesions)

29
Q

viremia

A

presence of virus in the blood

30
Q

fungemia

A

presence of fungi in the blood

31
Q

bacteremia

A

presence of bacteria in the blood

32
Q

septicemia

A

bacteria flourish and grow in the bloodstream

33
Q

3 criteria to be diagnosed with AIDS

A

helper T cell count below 200 per microliter of blood
helper T cells account for fewer than 14% of all lymphocytes
have one or more of the AIDS defining illnesses

34
Q

vector of Lyme disease

A

tick

35
Q

symptoms of lyme disease

A

bulls eye rash

36
Q

prevention of lyme disease

A

protective clothing, antibiotics

37
Q

transmission of infectious mononucleosis

A

direct and indirect contact with saliva

38
Q

symptoms of infectious mononucleosis

A

extreme fatigue

39
Q

difference between antigenic shift and drift

A

a drift are small mutations that result in changes in spikes; seasonal flu outbreaks
a shift is a swapping of RNA genome strands, leads to epidemics and pandemics

40
Q

causative agent of flu

A

influenza virus (A,B,C)

41
Q

causative agent of cold

A

Rhinovirus, Coronavirus, Adenovirus

42
Q

causative agent of tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

43
Q

causative agent of pneumonia

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

44
Q

causative agent of whooping cough (Pertussis)

A

Bordetella pertussis

45
Q

causative agent of pharyngitis

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

46
Q

Stage of pertussis that begins after an incubation period. Bacteria appear in respiratory tract and cause cold like symptoms esp. runny nose

A

Catarrhal stage

47
Q

Stage of pertussis that involves severe and uncontrollable coughing

A

Paroxysmal stage

48
Q

Stage of pertussis when the bacteria is decreasing and there are no longer ongoing symptoms

A

Convalescent phase

49
Q

Type of tuberculosis: Bacteria inside the alveoli, formation of tubercles, neutrophils break them down into caseous lesions

A

Primary tuberculosis

50
Q

Type of tuberculosis: violent coughing, blood sputum, chest pain caused by reactivated bacteria, 60% mortality rate

A

secondary (reactivation) tuberculosis

51
Q

Type of tuberculosis: infection outside the lungs (common in immunosuppressed patients and young children) 30-50% mortality rate

A

extrapulmonary tuberculosis

52
Q

2 spikes that make up the influenza virus

A

hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

53
Q

binds to host cell receptors of the respiratory mucosa

A

hemagglutinin

54
Q

2 things neuraminidase does

A

breaks down mucous coating and assists in viral budding and release

55
Q

tubercles:

A

consist of a central core containing TB bacteria in macrophages; function to prevent the spread of disease

56
Q

caseous lesions:

A

tubercles that have been broken down by enzymes released by neutrophils and are gradually replaced by calcium deposits

57
Q

prevention of pneumonia (3)

A

elevation of head to a 45 degree angle
deep breathing and coughing
sterilization of ventilation equipment

58
Q

pneumonia:

A

condition in which fluid fills the alveoli in the lungs

59
Q

2 types of pneumonia

A

community acquired - experienced by general pop

healthcare-associated - acquired by patients in healthcare facilities and hospitals

Microbiology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions