Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Quiz 1, Ch. 1, 2, 3, 4 > Flashcards

Quiz 1, Ch. 1, 2, 3, 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What important contributions did Edward Jenner make toward microbiology?

A

created first immunization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What important contributions did Joseph Lister make toward microbiology?

A

aseptic techniques: decreased wound infections, carbolic acid on bandages to reduce infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What important contributions did Robert Koch make toward microbiology?

A

Koch’s postulates: whether an organism was pathogenic and what disease it caused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What important contributions did Louis Pasteur make toward microbiology?

A

germ theory of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Staphylo looks like

A

a cluster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Coccus looks like

A

round ball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Strepto looks like

A

chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bacillus looks like

A

rod shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

spirillum looks like

A

spiral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are bacteriophages?

A

viruses that infect and kill bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why are bacteriophages important?

A

antibiotic resistance, they are receptor specific and leave good bacteria alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you calculate total magnification?

A

ocular lens x objective lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When would we want to use a wet mount vs a smear?

A

wet mounts: to view living organisms and observe motility; ex. hanging drop technique
smear: used to view killed organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is heat fixation and why is it important?

A

a slide is passed through an open flame several times.

kills the organism, adheres it to the slide, alters it to readily accept stains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gram stain first step:

A

crystal violet is added to the slide for one minute and stains all cells purple; rinse w water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gram stain second step:

A

Gram’s iodine add for 1 min: acts as mordent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does the mordent in a Gram stain affect Gram positive and Gram negative differently?

A

It will trap the purple dye firmly into the thick wall of the Gram positive cell and only loosely associate into the Gram negative cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gram stain step 3

A

application of alcohol dissolves lipids in the outer cell membrane of negative cell and removes the dye from the peptidoglycan layer; rinse w water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gram stain step 4

A

stain w safranin; the Gram negative cell will stain pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Concise version of the Gram stain

A

Fixation, Crystal violet, Iodine treatment, Decolorization, Counter stain safranin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Three media types based on purpose

A

Selective, differential, and enrichment

22
Q

Media type that encourages the growth of some organisms but suppresses the growth of others

A

Selective medium

23
Q

Media type that has a constituent that causes an observable change in color or pH

A

Differential medium

24
Q

Media type that contains special nutrients that allow growth of an organism

A

Enrichment medium

25
Q

4 things about a Gram positive cell

A

Thick peptidoglycan layer, stains purple, contains teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid, no outer cell membrane

26
Q

4 things about a Gram negative cell

A

Thin peptidoglycan layer, stains pink, contains lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides, has an outer cell membrane

27
Q

How do bacteria move?

A

run and tumble using flagella that spin at 360º

28
Q

What is chemotaxis?

A

movement toward (positive) or away (negative) from a chemical stimulus

29
Q

Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (3)

A

(1) DNA packaging: pro- no nucleus, euks have a neuc; (2) makeup of cell wall: pro- have sturdy walls made of peptidoglycan, euks don’t (3) internal structures: euks have membrane organelles, pro don’t

30
Q

vibrio looks like

A

boomerang

31
Q

spirochete looks like

A

corkscrew

32
Q

pleomorphic can change

A

shapes

33
Q

purpose of flagella

A

motility

34
Q

purpose of fimbriae

A

attachment

35
Q

purpose of pili

A

attachment and conjugation

36
Q

purpose of cilia

A

only in eukaryotes; beat in a back and forth motion to move stuff

37
Q

the adult or feeding stage of protozoa, contain flagella and multiply during this stage

A

trophozoite

38
Q

under adverse conditions, some protozoa are capable of producing a protective capsule called a

A

cyst

39
Q

Can infect the vagina in females and the urinary tract in males, transmitted by toilet facilities and towels, does not form into a cyst

A

trichomonas vaginalis (protozoa)

40
Q

Have a smiley face appearance, found in the small intestines
excreted in the feces as cysts to survive until ingested again
absorb nutrients by diffusion

A

Giardia Lamblia (protozoa)

41
Q

Causes amoebic dysentery, intestinal, eats red blood cells

A

Entamoeba hystolytica

42
Q

malaria, contracted by bite of mosquito

A

protozoa of the genus Plasmodium

43
Q

Genital herpes is an example of an infection that

A

can be present in a latent state

44
Q

Prokaryotic cell in photos

A

Study it!

45
Q

3 differences in prokaryotic vs eukaryotic flagellum

A

smaller and less complex, more numerous, moves in a circular motion

46
Q

3 differences in eukaryotic vs prokaryotic flagellum

A

thicker (9+2 microtubule arrangement) and more complex, usually only 1 or 2, moves in a whip like motion

47
Q

Fungal disease (mycosis) that affects keratinized tissue in skin, hair, and nails

A

superficial

48
Q

Fungal disease (mycosis) that affects skin layer beneath keratinized tissues to the lymph vessels: mucous membranes, yeast infection

A

subcutaneous

49
Q

Fungal disease (mycosis) that affects internal organs

A

systemic

50
Q

Fungal disease (mycosis) that affects a host that is already weakened

A

opportunistic

51
Q

protozoa containing cilia; has a mouth like opening called a cytostome where nutrients are pulled into the cells by cilia creating an inward current

A

Stentor

Microbiology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions