Quiz 2, Ch 5, 6, 7

Question 1

How are viruses different from prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

viruses don’t have RNA and DNA together, they don’t have organelles, they are intracellular parasites: they need a host to replicate new viral particles; they do not grow and divide

Question 2

What is the difference between host range and cell specificity?

Answer 2

host range is the spectrum of hosts a virus can infect and cell specificity is the type of tissues or cells the virus can infect.

Question 3

Be able to label all parts of a virus and know their function.

Answer 3

nucleic acid: carries the genetic material
capsid: shape, protection, composed of capsomeres
spikes (glycoproteins): attach to receptors on host
envelope: usually from host; could disguise it

Question 4

How is the viral envelope acquired?

Answer 4

through budding from the host cell

Question 5

Cytopathic effect:

Answer 5

induced change caused by a virus, changes we can observe

Question 6

What are prions?

Answer 6

proteins that become folded incorrectly

Question 7

What diseases do prions cause?

Answer 7

Bovine spongiform encephalopothy, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Kuru

Question 8

What are the main symptoms of (prion diseases)?

Answer 8

brain tissue resembles a sponge

Question 9

What is in vivo?

Answer 9

in a living system: animals or eggs

Question 10

What is in vitro?

Answer 10

outside a living system

Question 11

What is the lytic cycle?

Answer 11

Adsorption on to cell wall, penetration of cell and DNA is deposited, synthesis of DNA and viral parts, maturation of virus by assembly, release by lysis of cell

Question 12

What is the lysogenic cycle?

Answer 12

DNA is injected into cell and combined with cell’s DNA; lays dormant and may eventually begin lytic cycle

Question 13

What is hypertonic mean?

Answer 13

high concentration of solution outside the cell, causes cell to shrink

Question 14

What is hypotonic mean?

Answer 14

low concentration of solution outside the cell, causes cell to explode

Question 15

What is isotonic mean?

Answer 15

the same concentration inside and outside of a cell

Question 16

Parasitism:

Answer 16

Host provides nutrients and habit and may be harmed

Question 17

mutualism:

Answer 17

both benefit

Question 18

commensalism

Answer 18

one benefits, none harmed

Question 19

How to do a generational problem

Answer 19

amount of time it takes a population to double;

Question 20

What is turbidity?

Answer 20

cloudy, the more cloudy, the more bacteria

Question 21

Distinguish between the stages of the bacterial growth curve

Answer 21

lag: growing and making ATP, log: dividing, stationary: cells are dying and dividing at the same rate, death/decline: number decreases

Question 22

Define Halophiles

Answer 22

live optimally under high salt concentrations

Question 23

What is catabolism?

Answer 23

larger to small, release energy

Question 24

anabolism:

Answer 24

requires ATP to build to larger molecules

Question 25

Purpose of fermentation:

Answer 25

recycle NAD to get back to glycolysis, absence of oxygen, metabolizes pyruvic acid

Question 26

How many ATP’s are formed from aerobic respiration?

Answer 26

38

Question 27

How many ATP’s are formed from anaerobic respiration?

Answer 27

2

Question 28

Competitive inhibition:

Answer 28

inhibitor or substrate compete for active site depends on concentration

Question 29

non-competitive inhibition:

Answer 29

allosteric site is bonded and changes the shape of the active site so the substrate will no longer fit.

Question 30

doubling time of 20 mins, how many cells after one hour starting w one cell?

Answer 30

start with 0 and 1 cell; then 20 and double, 40 and double that; 60 and double that = 8