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LDRR > Quiz #5 > Flashcards

Quiz #5 Flashcards

1
Q

How do you calculate BMI?

A

By putting weight (kg), over height (m^2)

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2
Q

How do you get pounds to Kg?

A

Divide by 2.2

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3
Q

How do you get inches to meters

A

Multiply by 0.0254

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4
Q

What is waist to hip ratio

A

Circumference at waist divided by circumference at hips

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5
Q

what does waist to hip ratio indicate?

A

Regional distribution of fat (or fat body pattern) The two types are upper body/android obesity, and lower body/gynoid obesity

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6
Q

Waist circumference provides a what of risk for chronic disease?

A

Excellent predictor of risk for chronic disease

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7
Q

what is the high risk criteria for men and women with regards to waist circumference?

A

For men: >102 cm (about 40 inches)
For women: >88 cm (about 35 inches)

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8
Q

What is body composition?

A

Refers to fat weight (fat mass) expressed as a percentage of total body weight

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9
Q

What is the two component model for body composition?

A

Fat mass (FM)- all extractable lipid, and Fat free mass (FFM)/Lean Body mass (LBM)

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10
Q

What percentage of water is Fat mass?

A

14-22%

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11
Q

What % water is Fat free mass, and what is it made up of?

A

Fat free mass is 70-80%, made up of water, protein, and mineral components

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12
Q

What percentage of males are considered obese by NHANES data?

A

32.2%

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13
Q

What percentage of females are considered obese by NHANES data?

A

35%

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14
Q

When were the health hazards of obesity first officially recognized by NIH?

A

1985

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15
Q

What is the estimated number of annual deaths that can be attributed to obesity among US adults?

A

280,000

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16
Q

What is the relationship between BMI and excess mortality? When is the risk low? When it is the highest risk?

A

the relationship is a curvilinear increase in excess mortality with rising BMI. This risk is low with a BMI of 25 to 30 and increases as BMI increase. The highest risk is seen with BMI’s above 40

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17
Q

Obesity leads to increased Incidence of….

A

CHD/CAD (MI), cerebrovascular disease (CVA), PVD/PAD, AS, HTN, and dyslipidemia

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18
Q

Those who are obese are more likely to have…

A

Higher total cholesterol, Higher LDL, lower HDL, higher TG

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19
Q

Obese men had higher mortality rates for cancer of the:

A

colon and rectum, and prostate

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20
Q

Obese women had higher mortality rates for cancers of the

A

Gallbladder, bile ducts, breast, uterus and ovaries

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21
Q

What are other problems that can occur with obesity?

A

Respiratory problems, sleep apnea, infertility, complications of pregnancy, menstrual irregularity, gallbladder disease, carpal tunnel, and hormonal problems.

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22
Q

Better to be “fit and _____” than “unfit and ____”. What is this called?

A

Better to be fit and fat, than unfit and lean. This is often referred to as fitness versus fatness debate

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23
Q

What are the 2 main lab methods and field methods for measuring body composition?

A

2 main lab methods: hydrostatic weighing and Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
2 main field methods: Skinfolds and Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)

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24
Q

What is NHANES?

A

National health and nutrition examination survey that does physical/physiological exams

25
Q

What is BRFSS?

A

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, which is where data is collected through phone

26
Q

Why is the prevalence in obesity lower with BRFSS?

A

Most likely because people are not being 100% honest with obesity rates through the phone

27
Q

What percentage of adults are obese according to the CDC?

A

41.9% of adults are obese according to the CDC

28
Q

According to the CDC, what % of adults are either overweight or obese?

A

73.6% of adults are obese or overweight according to the CDC

29
Q

What precent of adults are either normal body weight or underweight according to the CDC?

A

26.4% are either normal body weight or underweight according to the CDC

30
Q

For the classification of BMI, what falls into the underweight category? What is the disease risk?

A

<18.5, increased risk

31
Q

For the classification of BMI, what falls into the normal category? What is the disease risk?

A

18.5-24.9, normal

32
Q

For the classification of BMI, what falls into the overweight category? What is the disease risk?

A

25-29.9, increased

33
Q

For the classification of BMI, what falls into the class 1 obesity category? What is the disease risk?

A

30.0-34.9, high

34
Q

For the classification of BMI, what falls into the class 2 obesity category? What is the disease risk?

A

35-39.9, very high

35
Q

For the classification of BMI, what falls into the class 3 (extreme obesity) category? What is the disease risk?

A

anything equal to or above 40, extremally high

36
Q

Energy balance is a complex interaction between…

A

energy intake and energy expenditure

37
Q

The body’s ideal weight thermostat is located where?

A

The hypothalamus

38
Q

Genetic influences contribute to most, if not all, cases of typical obesity and all cases of severe obesity. True or False?

A

True

39
Q

What is secreted by adipose tissue to decrease appetite?

A

Leptin

40
Q

If there is a defective leptin receptor, then the risk for obesity…

A

Increases

41
Q

How many excess kilocalories does it take to store 1 pound of adipose tissue?

A

3,500

42
Q

Is fat more easily stored than CHO or protein?

A

Yes

43
Q

Alcohol contains how many kcals?

A

7 kcal

44
Q

What was the purpose of the Bouchard study?

A

To examine differences in responses of different persons to long-term overfeeding

45
Q

What subjects were apart of the bouchard study?

A

12 pairs of young adult male identical (monozygotic) twins

46
Q

What were the methods of the bouchard study?

A

Subjects were overfed by 1000 kcal per days for 84 days during a 100 day period

47
Q

What was the conclusion of the bouchard study?

A

A comparable surplus of energy doesnt cause identical Reponses with respect to body weight, body comp, or regional distribution of fat.

48
Q

According to NHLBI guidelines, the treatment to lose weight is to do what to caloric intake and expenditure

A

Decrease caloric intake and increase caloric expenditure. (or do both)

49
Q

How many pounds should your goal be to lose per week?

A

1-2 pounds per week or 1% of total body weight per week.

50
Q

How many calories per day falls into the moderate deficit calorie diet?

A

> or equal to 1,200 kcal/day for women
or equal to 1,400 kcal/day for men

51
Q

How many calories per day falls into the low calorie diet?

A

800-1,200 kcal/day for women
800-1,400 kcal/day for men

52
Q

How many calories per day falls into the very low calorie diet?

A

less than or equal to 800 kcal per day for men and women

53
Q

What is basal metabolic rate?

A

Energy utilized at complete rest

54
Q

What is the less strict version of BMR?

A

Resting metabolic rate or (RMR)

55
Q

How do you find BMR?

A

1.0 kcal/min * 60 (mins) * 24 hours= 1,440 kcal/day

56
Q

What is the average BMR of females and males?

A

For females: 1,400 kcal/day
Males: 1,800kcal/day

57
Q

What is the thermic effect of food? (TEF)

A

Energy expended to digest, absorb, transport, metabolize and store food

58
Q

What is the total daily expenditure equation?

A

TDEE= RMR+TEF+ PA/Ex

59
Q

How much does BMR decrease per decade after age 30?

A

1-2%

LDRR (7 decks)

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