Quiz #3 Flashcards
What is the definition of blood pressure?
the force the blood exerts on the walls of the arteries as it is pumped throughout the body
What are the units of measurements for BP?
Millimeters of mercury (mm HG)
What is blood pressure regulated by?
Kidneys
What is a high BP called?
hypertension (HTN)
What is hypertension?
High blood pressure
What is a normal BP called?
normotension
HTN is a major risk factor for?
CVD (CAD, CVA, PAD, atrial fibrillation, aortic aneurysm), kidney failure/end-stage renal disease, retinal disease/retinopathy, and impotence
What is a normal systolic/diastolic blood pressure value?
120mm HG /80 mm
True or False: Essential or Primary hypertension has no specific cause or underlying medical condition
True
How many cases of HTN are essential/primary that has no specific cause or underlying medical condition?
95% of all cases
True or false: Does Secondary HTN have a specific cause?
Yes. For example- chronic kidney disease, sleep apnea, medication side effects etc.
What is the prevalence rate of HTN in adults?
50% of all adults
What is the prevalence of elevated HTN in adults?
25% of all adults
What is the prevalence of normal HTN in adults?
25% of all adults
Prevalence increases or decreases with age?
increases
In what race group is the prevalence of HTN significantly higher?
African Americans
What percentage of people are aware of their HTN condition?
83%
What percentage of US adults with HTN are using antihypertensive medication?
the percentage of US adults with HTN are using antihypertensive medication is 79%
What percentage of the adult US population has their HTN condition controlled?
the percentage of the adult US population has their HTN condition controlled is 26%
What are the risk factors of HTN?
Age, family history, race, DM, obesity, excessive alcohol, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, stress, oral contraceptive use, dietary factors
What are the dietary factors that increase HTN?
High sodium, low potassium, calcium and magnesium
What is the average amount of salt consumed per day?
3,393 mg per day, with a range of 2,000 to 5,000
Where is most sodium consumed in the American Diet?
From salt added during commercial food processing and preparation including foods prepared at restaurants
What are treatment options for hypertension/high blood pressure?
Increase physical activity, decrease weight, relaxation/stress management, stop smoking, moderation of alcohol, dietary factors
How many drinks should men and women drink
Males should consume 2 or less drinks per day, and females should consume 1 or less drink per day
What is the DASH diet?
Dietary approaches to stop hypertension
What does the dash diet include?
Rich in fruits, vegetables and low fat dairy products, low in total fat and cholesterol, high in fiber, K, Ca, and Mg
What are the four types of blood pressure lowering medications?
Diuretics, B-blockers, calcium channel blockers and ace inhibitors
What do diuretics do in terms of lowering blood pressure?
increase excretion of Na through urination
What is the recommended amount of potassium per day?
More than 4,000 grams
What is considered to be a elevated blood pressure?
120-129 AND less than 80
What is considered to be a stage one hypertensive blood pressure?
130-139 OR 80-89
What is considered to be stage 2 hypertensive blood pressure?
More than or equal to 140 OR more than or equal to 90
What is often called “the silent killer”?
HTN (hypertension)
