Quiz 5 Flashcards
What are the origins of the word “Creed”?
Latin for “Credo” meaning “I believe”
What 2 doctrines did the Apostles’ Creed set forth?
- The Incarnation (affirms the full divinity and humanity of Christ)
- The Trinity (God the Father, Jesus the Son, and the Holy Spirit)
What 2 texts referred to Jesus’ human elements the most? What are some of these elements?
Creed and the Gospel of John
Birth from Virgin Mary, death, hunger, thirst
What did the Gospel of John define Christ as?
Defined as the Word (Logos in Greek)
What is the Incarnation?
Christ became flesh and lived among humans, making salvation possible
Jesus and God are the same
What is the Trinity?
The centrepiece of Christian belief and theology
God is the creator/judge, who generates the Son, who sends forth the Holy Spirit
What is Christianity’s vital task?
To unify the Christian Church
What is heresy?
Sects whose theological opinions were denounced by Orthodox Christians
Who was Paul?
Apostle to the Gentiles
Pharisaic Jew from Tarsus who was devoted to the Torah
Persecuted Christians for disciplining those who were “violating” the Torah
Experienced Christ, becoming an Apostle to the Gentiles
Travelled spreading Christianity
Due to controversial topics, he was taken prisoner by Jews for 2 years and was beheaded
What did the Apostles and elders agree on for the Gentiles?
The Gentiles were free from observing most of the Torah, but it drew many practices from Jewish synagogues
What was the purpose of weekly worship?
Sunday was used to commemorate Christ’s Resurrection
What did the worship include from the Jewish synagogue?
Psalms, hymns, scripture, prayer
What is the Eucharist?
Communion meal patterned after the Last Supper, shared between Jesus and his Apostles a day before his crucifixion
What is Baptism?
Ritual functioning as a sacrament of initiation (death of their lifetime of sins, new life with Christ)
What are the 3 distinct offices of Christianity?
Bishops, presbyters, deacons
What is a Bishop?
Successor to Apostles
Oversaw the church and administer the Eucharist
Bishop of Rome was given the title “pope” (the direct successor to Peter)
What is a Presbyter?
Assisted the Bishop
Administering Eucharist (if Bishop was not present)
In charge of finances and disciplinary matters
What is a Deacon?
Linked congregation and its bishop
Some were women
What canon did Christianity agree on?
27 writings, known as the New Testament or new Covenant
How did Constantine “save” Christianity in Rome?
Many Christians lived in coordinance with the Romans
When Christians refused to worship the spirit of the emperor, they were persecuted
Constantine expanded the Christian population in Rome tenfold
When he became emperor, he credited his victory to Christ and ended persecution
How did the fall of Rome affect Christians?
Christians were blamed for Rome’s fall, but Bishop Augustine’s “The City of God” states that all nations are corrupt and fall to sin
Only the Kingdom of God matters
What was the Great Schism?
The split between Eastern Greek Orthodox and Western Latin Catholic in 1054
What were the beliefs of Eastern Orthodox that caused the Great Schism?
Revolved around ancient patriarchates
Intense theological speculation (led to Arianism and Nestorianism heresies)
The direction of the mystical
What were the beliefs of Western Catholics that caused the Great Schism?
Revolved around the bishopric of Rome as the final court of appeal
Donatism was practical and schismatic
The direction of the moral and the legal
What caused the Great Schism?
The condemnation of Nestorianism and Monophysitism caused Orthodox churches to depart
The insertion of the word filioque (“and the son”)
What were the 2 major attempts to repair the Great Schism?
Council of Lyons II and the Council of Florence
How did the Council of Lyons II try to mend the Great Schism?
Greek representatives submitted to the Roman church and accept the filioque formula
This union was shortlived and terminated
How did the Council of Florence try to mend the Great Schism?
Many sessions, that included theologians of both sides, discussed the filioque formula, double procession, purgatory, etc.
The Council of Florence is still open today
How was Catholicism corrupt in the Middle Ages?
The Crusades, a military expedition, intended to take control of the Holy Land from the Muslim
Who was Saint Francis of Assisi?
He travelled the countryside preaching the Gospel, working hard for food and begging when work was not an option
Who was Saint Thomas Aquinas?
He explained that reason and faith needed and complemented each other
What was the Protestant Reformation?
In Europe, Christians were frustrated with the Church
A German man, Martin Luther, experienced corruption within the Church (giving money to the Church = less time in purgatory)
He was excommunicated but evaded punishment
What changes did the Protestants make?
Former Protestant priests, monks, and nuns could marry (King Harry remarrying)
Believed in predestination (salvation is decided at birth)
How were the East and West different in terms of the primacy of the Bishop of Rome?
East believed in a conciliar model; unity is through the common faith, NOT a centralized authority
West believed that the Pope had Bishop of Rome has immediate and direct jurisdiction over the Church
How were the East and West different in terms of the Filioque?
East believed that the filioque was an unnecessary addition at best, and heresy at worst
West believed that the filioque was added to describe the procession of the Holy Spirit from God
How were the East and West different in terms of marriage?
East believed that divorce and remarriage can occur under circumstances
West believed that marriage can only be dissolved by death
How were the East and West different in terms of purgatory?
East believed in praying for the departed and our intercession will help their purification
West believed in the concept of purgatory
How were the East and West different in terms of Immaculate Conception?
East believed that Virgin Mary was sinless, but reject her Immaculate Conception
West believed Immaculate Conception
What is Constantinople known as today?
Istanbul
