Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology Ch. 8 > Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the kidney?

A

regulation of ECF fluid volume, blood pressure, osmolarity, maintaining ion balance, regulating pH, excreting wastes and foreign substances, and participating in endocrine pathways.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Filtration?

A

movement of fluid from plasma into Bowman’s capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define Reapsorbtion?

A

Movement of filtered materials from tubule to blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define Secretion?

A

Movement of selected molecules from the blood to tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the Glomerular Filtration Rate?

A

GFR is the amount of fluid that filters into the Bowman’s capsule per unit of time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can hydrostatic pressure be altered?

A

changing the resistance in the afferent and efferent arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does most reabsorption take place>

A

proximal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the rate of excretion depend on?

A
  • its filtered load

- and whether it is reabsorbed or secreted as it passes through the nephron.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What controls electrolyte balance?

A

The renal, respiratory and cardiovascular systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In order to produce dilute urine what must happen?

A

the nephron must re-absorb solute without reabsorbing water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In order to produce concentrated urine what must happen?

A

The nephron must reabsorb water without reabsorbing solute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most important function of the kidney?

A

is to maintain water and ion content of the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

define osmolarity

A

the concentration of solute in a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens when blood osmolarity is higher than target osmolarity?

A

this sends a signal to the hypothalamus, which sends a signal to the posterior pituitary telling it to release ADH (vasopressin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When the posterior pituitary releases vasopressin what does it do?

A

vasopressin will travel to its target on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption. this will decrease the osmolarity of the blood and increase the osmolarity of the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

is a hormone that helps regulate blood pressure by stimulating the reabsorption of sodium as well as the secretion of potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens if the ECF gets too acidic?

A

the kidneys are going to remove or excrete hydrogen ions and converse bicarbonate ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two types of nephrons?

A

Juxtamedullary Nephrons and Cortical Nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the two components of a nephron?

A

Tubular components and Vascular Components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The vascular component of a nephron includes?

A

Afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, and peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does renal blood flow?

A

renal artery - afferent arterioles, glomerular capillaries, efferent arterioles, proximal peritubular capillaries, vasa recta, distal peritubular capillaries, collecting duct, renal veins,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The tubular component of the nephron includes?

A

bowman’s capsule, proximal tubule, loop of henle, distal tubule, collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the three basic renal processes?

A

Glomerular Filtration, Tubular Reabsorption,

tubular secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Glomerular Filtration

A

is the movement of fluid into the lumen of the nephron

25
Q

tubular reabsorption

A

substances from filtrate moved back into the blood

26
Q

tubular secretion

A

removes molecules from the blood and added them to filtrate in the lumen

27
Q

What are the three barriers for glomerular filtration?

A

Glomerular Capillary Epithelium, Basal Lamina, and Epithelium of Bowman’s capsule

28
Q

What are the three forces involved in Glomerular Filtration?

A

Glomerular Capillary Blood (Hydrostatic) pressure, Plasma-Colloid Osmotic pressure, Bowman’s capsule Hydrostatic Pressure

29
Q

What is glomerular capillary blood (hydrostatic) pressure?

A

this pressure is causing the blood to flow through the glomerular capillary which forces the fluid through the leaky endothelium

30
Q

What is plasma Colloid pressure?

A

Describes the pressure that is needed to be applied to a solution to prevent inflow of pure solvent into the solution

31
Q

What is Bowman’s Capsule Hydrostatic Pressure?

A

Where fluid flowing into the capsule generates pressure that opposes more fluid flowing into the capsule

32
Q

What happens to urine production when blood pressure increases?

A

urine production will increase

33
Q

Why does urine production not increase when we exercise?

A

Less blood is going to the kidney’s as more blood is being used by the muscles

34
Q

What happens when podocytes relax?

A

their bases become narrower, which increases the number of “open” slits in the area, which allows more fluid to move and enter the lumen of the bowman’s capsule

35
Q

What is the driving force for most renal reabsorption?

A

Na + transport

36
Q

RAAD

A

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
this system increase sodium reabsorption in the tubules which results in water followed by osmosis and therefore causing circulation blood volume to increase, increasing blood pressure

37
Q

Vasopressin

A

Causes diuresis, elimination of water

38
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

A

secretion by the atria, when it is stretched. When the atria are stretched is signals that the blood volume is too large. When ANP is sensed, more sodium will be excreted and because water moves along with sodium, more water will be lost as well, and blood volume will decrease

39
Q

Define Homeostasis

A

is the dynamic state that the body wants to be in

40
Q

Define Diffusion

A

Passive movement of solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

41
Q

Define Osmosis

A

movement of solvent molecules through a partially permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration

42
Q

Where is vasopressin released from?

A

Posterior pituitary

43
Q

There are three mechanisms of vasopressin release, what are they?

A
  • Hypothalamic osmoreceptors
  • left atrial volume receptors
  • angiotensin II
44
Q

What will happen to the RAAS pathway in the presence of low blood pressure and high osmolarity? Why?

A

the RAAS pathway will be inhibited, this is because the RAAS pathway results in aldosterone secretion to increase sodium reabsorption

45
Q

What does angiotensin II affect

A
  1. increases vasopressin secretion
  2. stimulates thirst
  3. potent vasoconstrictor
  4. activates receptors in the cardiovascular control centre to increase cardiac output and vasoconstriction
  5. increases Na+ and water reabsorption in the kidney
46
Q

Define Hypokalemia

A

low plasma or ECF potassium concentrations - result in muscle weakness

47
Q

Define Hyperkalemia

A

high plasma or ECF potassium concentrations - can produce cardiac arrhythmia’s

48
Q

Hypotonicity

A

swelling on brain cells

due to water intoxication

49
Q

hypertonicity

A

shrinking of the brain neurons

50
Q

How will the body respond to hyponatremia?

A

hyponatremia is low sodium, this will activate the RAAS pathway via those macula densa cells

51
Q

Acidosis

A

below a pH of 7.3

52
Q

Alkalosis

A

Above a pH of 7.4

53
Q

What are the sources of H+ in the body?

A

Carbonic Acid Formation
Inorganic acids produced during the breakdown of nutrients
Organic acids resulting from intermediary metabolism

54
Q

What is a buffer?

A

A buffer is a molecule that moderates but does not prevent changes in pH by combining with or releasing hydrogen ions

55
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A

occurs when alveolar hypoventilation results in carbon dioxide retention and elevation and plasma partial pressure of CO2

56
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

occurs as a result of hyperventilation of increased ventilation where alveolar ventilation increases without increased metabolic CO2 production

57
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

Is the disturbance of mass balance that occurs when the dietary and metabolic input of hydrogen exceeds hydrogen excretion

58
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A

Excessive vomiting of acidic stomach contact and excessive ingestion of bicarbonate containing antacids or medication

Physiology Ch. 8 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions