Actual Quiz 5 Flashcards
What is the link between ECF volume and blood pressure?
If ECF increases, BP increases
what fluid makes up about 20% of the total water in the body?
Extracellular
What happens when podocytes contract?
they flatten, resulting in decreased filtration
What happens when podocytes relax?
they narrow, resulting in increased filtration
What might you suspect if a person has a dry tongue and skin, as well as sunken eyeballs?
ECF hypertonicity
What is an example of insensible water loss?
exhaled air
Which properties of the kidney allow for urine to become more concentrated?
The vertical osmotic gradient in the renal medulla and increasing osmolarity of interstitial fluid from the outside to the inside of the kidney
A rise in arterial pressure causes the baroreceptors and stretch receptors to signal an inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in:
increased urine output
What are three responses in the body to resist dehydration?
- Conservation of fluid
- Trigger CV reflex to increase BP
- stimulate thirst
Which division of the nervous system is responsible for the contraction of the bladder?
parasympathetic
if atrial natriuretic peptide input was reduced, what response would occur in the body?
vasoconstriction
Filtration that occurs in the glomerulus is influenced most significantly by the _______ within the glomerulus.
pressure
The apical membrane is in contact with which fluid?
Lumen
An individual develops diabetic ketoacidosis due to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Which defense mechanism could be used to correct this state?
Increase HCO3- reabsorption and H+ secretion
increase in ventilation
buffers take up extra H+
How does urine output change during intense exercise?
urine output decreases as blood pressure increases
A climber on Mount Everest is most likely to develop which form of acid-base imbalance?
respiratory alkalosis
In reference to water reabsorption, what effect does vasopressin have on the kidneys?
increases water reabsorption
What is the immediate effect of aldosterone as it works in the kidney?
- Directly promotes sodium reabsorption
- directly promotes potassium secretion
the body’s compensation of metabolic alkalosis involves:
decrease respiratory rate
What uses an osmotic gradient to influence variable urine concentration?
- Loop of henle
- collecting duct
