Quiz 2 Flashcards
Anna suffered a brain injury, and her neurologist has told her that there is damage to her reticular formation. Which symptom is Anna most likely to experience?
the disruptions of her sleep and wake cycles
What is the term for the minimum length of time between action potentials?
absolute refractory period
What is true about the pineal gland?
- Regulates sleep-wake cycles
- releases melatonin
- part of the diencephalon
- part of the forebrain
In summary, the hippocampus, amygdala, and the nucleus accumbens appeal to this aspect of human thought:
emotion
What is the type of tissue and the location of the corpus callosum
White matter; brain
Long-distance communication in the body can take place using the nervous system or the circulator system. What substrate would be used in the circulatory system and which other system does this relate to?
Neuron; nervous system
If stimulus intensity is proportional to hormone release, it means…
more hormone results in a greater intensity of response
Neurotransmitter release occurs through which process?
exocytosis
What is an accurate description of an all-or-none response?
An axon much reach a threshold level of depolarization in order to fire (through further depolarization) or it will not fire at all
What term references the inability for an action potential to be triggered due to a previous action potential
refractory period
A spinal reflex includes transmission through which of the following components of the nervous system before a muscular reflex is triggered
- sensory receptor
- spinal interneuron
- motor neuron
match area of the brain to the function of the area: hippocampus
memory
Pons
arousal
amygdala
fear
basal ganglia
motor control
cerebellum
balance
medulla
heart rate
Which nervous system is subdivided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?
peripheral nervous system
Which area of the brain allows information to travel between the left and right hemispheres?
Corpus Callosum
Which division of your nervous system handles conversation of body resources, including blood pressure reduction and the promotion of digestion
Parasympathetic
Anna is going for a run, she feels a sharp pain in her right leg, her heart rate increases and she sees a dog who just bit her. When Anna feels the pain in her right leg, which area of the brain responds to this sensation?
Left parietal lobe
As a result of receiving neurotransmitters, the voltage of a postsynaptic receptor has become more negative. What will be the result of this change?
The postsynaptic neuron is hyper-polarized and less likely to fire again
The speed of an action potential depends on what?
- axon diameter
- resistance to ion leakage
- myelination
- resistance to ion flow
Joe was a world-class diver until he hit his head on the diving board during one of his dives. He now has difficulty coordinating the movements required for various tucks and rotations. Which area of Joe’s brain is likely damaged
the cerebellum
Jessica just hit her thumb with a hammer. Which nerve fibres will transmit the command from her CNS to jerk her hand away?
motor; efferent nerve fibres
What is a characteristic about oligodendrocytes is true?
Found in the CNS; capable of myelinating multiple axons
Axon Hillock
Trigger Zone
Nodes of Ranvier
Saltatory conduction
Synaptic Knobs
from synapses with postsynaptic cells
axon
conducts electrical impulses towards terminal buttons
dendrites
receive input from other neurons
cell body (soma)
integrates postsynaptic potentials
Describe the 5 phases of an action potential
- resting membrane potential - channels are closed
- depolarization - sodium channels start to open, cell becomes positive (Na enters the cell)
- action potential - sodium channel closes, potassium channels open slowly
- repolarization - potassium channels are open, and potassium is moving to extracellular fluid making the cell more negative
- Hyperpolarization - potassium channels are still open, and potassium is flowing out of the cell making it more negative
Describe how chemical synaptic transmission occurs
- synthesis - neurotransmitter is made in the axon terminal
- transportation and storage - neurotransmitter is stored in the axon terminal until it ready to release
- release - by exocytosis the neurotransmitter releases
- binding - then bind onto the receptors, initiating a response
- reuptake
- degradation
