MASS STUDY QUESTIONS

Question 1

What are the three lines of defence against changes in pH

Answer 1

1. Buffers
2. Respiratory System
3. Kidney’s and H+

Question 2

What do buffers do?

Answer 2

A buffer is a molecule that moderates, but does not prevent changes in pH by combining with or releasing ions.

Question 3

How does the Kidney control pH?

Answer 3

H+ excretion
HCO3- excretion
ammonia secretion

Question 4

How does the kidney respond to acidosis?

Answer 4

Kidney will increase H+ secretion and increase excretion and urine and increase bicarbonate reabsorption.

Question 5

How does the kidney respond to alkalosis?

Answer 5

kidney will excrete bicarbonate and converse more hydrogen

Question 6

What is the function of vasopressin?

Answer 6

It controls water reabsorption. It causes diuresis which is the elimination of water and does this by increasing the number of aquaporins.

Question 7

What is the function of renin?

Answer 7

is a hormone that controls blood pressure.

Question 8

What is the function of angiotensin II?

Answer 8

stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex

Question 9

What is the function of aldosterone?

Answer 9

promotes sodium reabsorption in the kidney

Question 10

What is the function of the Atrial Natriuretic peptide (ANP)?

Answer 10

inhibits Na reabsorption in the distal tubule.

Question 11

What are the 3 forces that drive glomerular filtration?

Answer 11

1. glomerular capillary blood (hydrostatic pressure)
2. Plasma Colloid Osmotic Pressure
3. Bowman’s Capsule Hydrostatic Pressure

Question 12

What are the 3 barriers that glomerular filtration must pass through?

Answer 12

1. Glomerular Capillary Epithelium
2. Basal lamina
3. Epithelium of bowman’s capsule

Question 13

Specificity

Answer 13

the ability of an enzyme or receptor molecule or a group of closely related molecules

Question 14

Saturation

Answer 14

All active sites on a given amount of protein are filled with substrates and the reaction rate is maximal

Question 15

Competition

Answer 15

A transporter may move several membranes of a related group of substrates, but those substrates compete with one another for binding sites on the transporter

Question 16

What are the types of epithelial tissue?

Answer 16

Exchange
transporting 
ciliated 
protective 
secretory

Question 17

What is the function of the exchange epithelial tissue?

Answer 17

The pores between the cells permit easy passage of molecules

Question 18

What is the function of transporting Epithelia?

Answer 18

Tight junctions prevents the movement between cells; surface area increased by folding of cell membrane into fingerlike microvilli

Question 19

What is the function of ciliated epithelial tissue:

Answer 19

one side is covered with cilia to allow for the movement of fluid across the surface

Question 20

What is the function of protective epithelium?

Answer 20

many function is to protect. the cells are tightly connected by many desmosomes

Question 21

What is the function of secretory epithelium?

Answer 21

to produce and release different secretory products

Question 22

Somatic motor division:

Answer 22

is a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system . Is in charge of voluntary muscle control

Question 23

Autonomic Division:

Answer 23

is a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system. controls smooth muscle and glands. Is involuntary

Question 24

Sympathetic System

Answer 24

Subdivision of the autonomic nervous system. Fight or flight. Responds rapidly to stress

Question 25

Parasympathetic System

Answer 25

Subdivision of the autonomic nervous system.

“rest and digest”

Question 26

What factors affect the rate of blood flow through a blood vessel?

Answer 26

• Radius of blood vessel
• viscosity of the blood
• Length of the vessel

Question 27

What are the 5 steps in the cardiac cycle?

Answer 27

1. Atrial & Ventricular Diastole
2. Completion of Ventricular Filling
3. Early Ventricular Contraction
4. Ventricular Ejection
5. Ventricular Relaxation

Question 28

What is an isovolumetric contraction?

Answer 28

when the blood has nowhere to go because both the AV valves and SL valves are closed, where the ventricles are contracting but the volume of blood in the ventricle is not changing but a lot of pressure is building in the ventricles.