Quiz 4 Flashcards
The colorful food insecurity framework
- physical environment
- social environment
- policy environment
- insufficient production/agriculture
- poverty-unemployment
- high food prices
- low human capitals (taboos)
- low social capital (weak social network)
- illness
- depression/conflicts
- undernutrition and obesity (double burden)
- insufficient low quality diet/poor utilization
FOOD INSECURITY
The Voices of the Hungry Concept
- MILD Food Insecurity
- worrying about ability to obtain food
- MODERATE Food Insecurity
- compromising the quality and the variety of food
- reducing quantities/skipping meals
- SEVERE Food Insecurity
- experiencing hunger
Hidden Hunger
30% women of reproductive age with anemia
25% Under-5 Vitamin A deficiency
Child undernutrition a Global Challenge
child stunting
child wasting
child underweight
Overweight and Obesity are increasing worldwide
- 5% in adults
47. 1% in children since 1980
Countries with obesity prevalence exceeding 50% in women
Tonga Kuwait Kiribati Micronesia Libya Qatar Samoa
Global Prevalence of obesity
1.5 billion adults
Highest overweight/obesity rates in the world
Nauru Micronesia Cook Islands Tonga Niue Simos Palau Kuwait USA Kitibati Dominica Barbados Argentina Egypt Malta
Why are island countries have the highest overweight/obesity rates in the world?
demolished their food production systems to turn into touristic areas, they import the vast majority of the food they consume. The food they import have long shelf life therefore not as healthy
The global prevalence of Diabetes
o Food importation
o Cultural foods they eat
o High energy dense food but also overweight and obesity represent health.
o It is a growing problem and one of the main causes is relates to the food system
o Correlation between food insecurity and obesities, diabetes and metabolic syndromes.
Malnutrition is costly
Malnutrition
- $3.5 trillion/year (5-10% global GDP)
Undernutrition
- $1.4-2.1 trillion/year (2-3% global GDP)
Obesity
- $2 trillion in 2012
Responses to household shortages (look at the table in the slides to understand the description)
o As time goes on things become more severe and people have different ways of dealing with food shortage
o The higher the curve the highest the ability to reverse things. It is easier to go back to the initial state if the curve is higher and yellow. The more they go down the lower the chance of reversing the situation.
o Commit less their domestic sources. People can hold on to their tools, life stocks, hold on to their land. As things turn red, it is hard to hold on things and the commitment increases and they have to give away their sources. When people have most of their domestic sources, when they lose they have to adjust to their land and stocks and crop.
o People start changing their diets, quality and the quantity. Things are available but they don’t eat because they think they have a lot but when they run out of other things they start eating that too. They start borrowing money, then start migrating, going back and forth. Then they start selling their small animals and hold their big animals. They start getting loans, compromising in advance on their crops. They start selling tools, sell the land. When the land is gone he is not a farmer anymore and migrates for other lands. They go to the city; they move North etc. because they have nothing else at home.
Association between household food insecurity and children’s stunting and underweight.
Children with food insecure households are more likely to be stunted.
Pulses and Beans in India and Mexico
o Nutritious foods
o The production decreased in more than half.
Sugar and Oils in India and Mexico
o The sugar consumption in India increased 3 times and 2 times in Mexico
o Sugar is the least expensive food
o Consumption of sugar is higher in food insecure people than food secure people.
