Quiz 1 Flashcards
What is the professor’s name?
Hugo Melgar-Quinonez
Define Hunger
- Feeling of discomfort or weakness caused by lack of food, coupled with the desire to eat
- Strong desire or craving for food
What is “hidden hunger”?
lack of vitamins and minerals
the person can be overweight or underweight too
Main ideas of Food Security
- all people, all times
- physical and economic access
- sufficient, safe and nutritious food
- dietary needs and preferences
- active and healthy life
What is “food insecurity”?
limited or uncertain AVAILABILTY of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or limited or uncertain ABILITY TO ACQUIRE acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways/
What are the three layers of environments that affect food security?
- physical environment
- social environment
- policy environment
How does physical environment affect food security?
climate change
soil degradation
water scarcity
lack of infrastructure
How does social environment affect food security?
- inequalities in land distribution
- conflicts
- dependence
How does policy environment affect food security?
- lack of budget allocation to hunger
- unstable food markets
- political instability
What did the Universal Declaration of Human Rights say in 1948?
Everyone has the right to standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of HIMSELF and HIS family, including food…
What does ICESCR stand for?
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
What does “right to adequate food” mean?
“the right of everyone to adequate food and the fundamental right to be free from hunger”
What does “right to adequate food” promise?
- regular, permanent and unrestricted access
- quantitatively and qualitatively adequate food
- corresponding to cultural traditions
Right to adequate food is ratified by over ____ countries
150
What does “legally binding” mean?
obligatory for states
ICESCR has 3 conditions to be met by the states and they are:
The states must
- RESPECT –> cannot take measure that recent people to access food
- PROTECT –> prevent others from interfering
- FULFILL –> create conditions for effective realisation
Human Dignity
vulnerable groups need to be protected following the human dignity principle
Legal Obligations
many countries have ratified ICESCR
International Commitments
human rights and the right to adequate food are necessary to achieve the millennium development goals
Economic Reasons
hunger, malnutrition and poverty have economic and social costs
Political Reasons
Politicians who implement the right to food are more popular among voters
Ethical Reasons
since we have knowledge and resources, it would be unethical not to act
Why the right to adequate food is a concern for us? (6)
- human dignity
- legal obligations
- international commitments
- economic reasons
- political reasons
- ethical reasons
How does a “human rights-based” approach help the right to adequate food?
- recognises access to food is a human right
- puts people at the centre of development
- recognises that all individuals are rights holders, not mere beneficiaries
- makes the progressive realisation of the right to food duty, not a matter of choice
- makes states aware of their obligations and draws attention to responsibilities of other stakeholders
- supports avoiding harmful policies and actions in violation of the obligation to respect and protect the right to food.
- prioritises the right against hunger at national levels
applies the human rights principles - introduces complaint and redress mechanisms deal with alleged violations of the right to food.
Chronic Food Insecurity is…
long-term or persistent
Chronic Food Insecurity occurs when…
people are unable to meet their minimum food requirements over a sustained period of time
Chronic Food Insecurity results from…
extended periods of poverty,
lack of food assets and
inadequate access to productive or financial resources
Chronic Food Insecurity can be overcome with…
typical long-term development measures also used to address poverty, such as education or access to productive resources, such s credit.
they may also need more direct access to food to enable them to raise their productive capacity.
Transitory Food Insecurity is…
short-term and temporary
Transitory Food Insecurity occurs when…
there is a sudden drop in the ability to produce or access enough food to maintain a good nutritional status
Transitory Food Insecurity results from…
short-term shocks and fluctuations in food availability and food access, including year-to-year variations in domestic food production, food prices, and household incomes
Transitory Food Insecurity can be overcome with…
transitory food insecurity is relatively unpredictable and can emerge suddenly. this makes planning and programming more difficult and requires different capacities and types of intervention, including early warming capacity and safety net programmes
4 dimensions of food security
- availability
- access
- utilization
- stability
Physical AVAILABILITY of food
Addresses the “supply side” of food security and is determined by the level of food production, stock levels and net trade
Economic and Physical ACCESS to food
an adequate supply of food at the national or international level does not in itself guarantee household level food security concerns about insufficient food access have resulted in a greater policy focus on incomes, expenditure, markets and prices in achieving food security objectives
Food UTILIZATION
utilization is commonly understood ad the way the body makes the most of various nutrients in the food. sufficient energy and nutrient intake by individuals is the result of good care and feeding practices, food preparation, density of the diet and intra-household distribution of food. Combined with good biological utilization of food consumed, this determines the nutritional status of individuals.
STABILITY of the other three dimensions over time
Even if your food intake is adequate today, you are still considered to be food insecure if you have inadequate access to food on a periodic basis, risking a detoriation of your nutritional status. Adverse weather conditions, political instability, or economic factors (unemployment, rising food prices) may have an impact on your food security status
Food safety vs food security
food safety is the proper handling the food but it doesn’t cover the other facts that food security covers. food safety is a term used in food security as well
Alfatoxins
toxins found in corn and affecting the food safety and the security by causing diseases and underdevelopment of children.
Food insecurity
Limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways.
