quiz 4

Question 1

mitosis vs meiosis

Answer 1

-mitosis takes the cell and makes it two
—> each new cell is a diploid
—> makes somatic cells (body cells)
-meiosis results in egg and sperm
—> makes sex cells
—> cells are haploids

Question 2

what is a diploid

Answer 2

has two copies of each gene in every cell

Question 3

what is a haploid

Answer 3

cells that only have one copy of each gene

Question 4

what are the three parts of interphase

Answer 4

-G1 (growth one)
-S (synthesis)
-G2 (growth 2)

Question 5

interphase

Answer 5

-occurs before mitosis begins
-cells spend 90-95% of time in interphase
-cell grows and carries out life processes
-DNA is copied
-cell prepares for cell division

Question 6

what happens in G1

Answer 6

the cell grows and carries out life processes (making nutrients and energy)

Question 7

what happens in S

Answer 7

Dna copies and the chromatin thread number is doubled

Question 8

what happens in G2

Answer 8

cell prepares for cell division

Question 9

what is the order of the steps in mitosis

Answer 9

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 10

what happens in mitosis prophase

Answer 10

-the DNA condenses into visible chromosomes
-the nuclear membrane dissolves
-centrioles move to the poles of the cell
-the spindle fibres begin to form from centrioles and attach to centromere of the chromosome

Question 11

what form in DNA in in interphase

Answer 11

chromatin

Question 12

what happens in mitosis metaphase

Answer 12

-chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
-spindle fibres are used to push them there

Question 13

what happens in mitosis metaphase

Answer 13

-chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
-spindle fibres are used to push them there

Question 14

what happens in mitosis anaphase

Answer 14

-the centromeres divide and the chromosomes split in the middle
-the sister chromatids (now are each are separate chromosomes) are pulled by the spindle fibres to opposite poles of the cell

Question 15

what happens in mitosis telophase

Answer 15

-opposite of prophase
-centrioles duplicate
-spindle fibres disappear
-2 new nuclear membranes form
-dna returns to chromatin form (spread out)

Question 16

what happens after mitosis

Answer 16

cytokinesis

Question 17

what happens after mitosis

Answer 17

cytokinesis

Question 18

what is cytokinesis

Answer 18

physical separation of the original cell into its two identical daughter cells

Question 19

what is cytokinesis in animal cells

Answer 19

-involves pinching of the cell membrane

Question 20

what is cytokinesis in plant cells

Answer 20

-involves formation of the cell plate that will become the new cell wall

Question 21

what is the area that is pinched of an animal cell during cytokinesis called

Answer 21

cleavage furrow

Question 22

what are two differences between animal and plant cell mitotic cell division

Answer 22

-cytokinesis: animal cells break off at a cleavage furrow, plant cells: a cell plate forms and become the new cell wall
-in prophase in animal cells centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell and produce spindle fibres, plant cells do not have centrioles