QUIZ 4

Question 1

Any sexually reproducing multicellular organism begins as a ____ entity.

Answer 1

single-celled

Question 2

___ relies on cellular events to produce more cells, the early stage of which is shown in the blastula

Answer 2

single-celled entity

Question 3

Almost every cell in our bodies has genetic material in the form of _____

Answer 3

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Question 4

the primary genetic material of living organisms, stores genetic information in the sequences of its nucleotides.

Answer 4

DNA

Question 5

Positively charged ____ proteins aid in DNA packaging

Answer 5

histone

Question 6

___ DNA is found in the form of chromatin, a complex of DNA and proteins.

Answer 6

Interphase

Question 7

Chromatin will sometimes need to further condense into a highly coiled and compact structure. This highly condensed form of DNA is known as a

Answer 7

chromosome.

Question 8

Humans have __ individual (or ___ pairs of) chromosomes.

Answer 8

46, 23

Question 9

___ condenses into ____. Each half of the _____ is a _____.

Answer 9

Chromatin, chromosomes, chromosome, chromatid

Question 10

The life cycle of a cell is known as the ___

Answer 10

cell cycle

Question 11

involves different phases that constitute a series of preparations for a cell to divide to produce new cells.

Answer 11

Cell cycle

Question 12

3 Stages of Cell cycle

Answer 12

● Interphase
● M-phase
● Cytokinesis

Question 13

Events on the interphase

Answer 13

● Gap 1 phase
● S phase
● Gap 2 phase
● Gap 0 phase

Question 14

● Growth of cytoplasm and doubling of organelles
● Produce proteins, enzymes, nutrients, and energy
● Highest rate of protein synthesis
● Movement of centrioles of the centrosomes away to await and assist the events of mitosis

Answer 14

GAP 1 PHASE

Question 15

● This stage is named so because it is when the cell synthesizes a copy of its DNA in a very notable process called DNA replication.

Answer 15

S-Phase

Question 16

This refers to the event when an existing DNA produces another copy of itself.

Answer 16

DNA replication

Question 17

DNA REPLICATION

Answer 17

1. Portion of DNA
2. DNA seperate
3. Nucleotides attract to their complementary bases
4. Nucleotides have lined up
5. All nucleotides are joined

Question 18

● Continued growth and the production of materials that are necessary for cell division to occur
● Protein synthesis but not at the rate similar to that of the G1 phase

Answer 18

GAP 2 PHASE

Question 19

involves either one of two processes, namely, mitosis and meiosis.

Answer 19

M-PHASE

Question 20

___ (somatic / body cells)

Answer 20

mitosis

Question 21

____ (sex cells /gametes)

Answer 21

meiosis

Question 22

● is marked by the formation of a cleavage furrow in animal cells.
● is marked by the formation of a cell plate in plant cells.
● refers to the division of the cytoplasm.
● can only occur once the genetic material is properly distributed to the daughter cells.

Answer 22

Cytokinesis

Question 23

refers to the division of the nucleus and genetic material.

Answer 23

Mitosis & Meiosis

Question 24

Cell cycle check points

Answer 24

1. G1-to-S checkpoint
2. G2-to-M Checkpoint
3. Metaphase Checkpoint

Question 25

● Is there any damage in the cell’s DNA?
● Is the cell large enough with all the necessary energy reserves and doubled organelles?

Answer 25

G1-to-S Checkpoint

Question 26

● Are the environmental conditions favorable for cell division to take place?
● Is the DNA properly replicated?
● Is there a presence of DNA damage?

Answer 26

G2-to-M Checkpoint

Question 27

● Are the spindles properly attached?

Answer 27

M Checkpoint