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OLD "MIC 665" > Quiz 4 > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Where in the mucus layer does commensal bacteria live and why?

A

outer layer
bottom layer is full of IgA creating a “no mans land”

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2
Q

What 2 ways can mucus and AMP secretion be triggered by IEC?

A
  1. IEC themselves when the sense PAMPs
  2. immune cells secrete cytokines that trigger IEC
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3
Q

What is peristalsis and how does cilia aid in it?

A

involuntary movement of gut muscles
cilia helps rid mucus

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4
Q

What is constitutive defense?

A

non-inflammatory process of eliminating pathogens via AMPs and IgA

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5
Q

IEC recognize pathogen via PRR, when its paneth cell that recognizes the PAMP, ________ is released

A

AMP

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6
Q

IEC recognize pathogen via PRR, when its goblet cell that recognizes the PAMP, ________ is released

A

mucins

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7
Q

When regular epithelial cell in gut recognize PAMPs via PRR they increase cell ____________

A

proliferation

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8
Q

Why do probiotics work?

A

bacteria ingested promotes barrier integrity
(cell turn over and increased mucus for clearance)

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9
Q

What does TLR 2 and 4 recognize?

A

bacterial peptidoglycan and LPS

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10
Q

Are TLR 2 and 4 expressed in high or low levels and why?

A

low
prevent over activation since they are on the apical side

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11
Q

What side are TLR 2 and 4 located?

A

apical

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12
Q

What does TLR 5 recognize?

A

bacteria that made it through the barrier

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13
Q

What side is TLR 5 located on?

A

basolateral

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14
Q

Is TLR 5 expressed in high or low levels and why?

A

high
bacteria should never be on basolateral side

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15
Q

TLR 2&4 and TLR 5 both use adaptor protein _________

A

MyD88

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16
Q

IECs can detect intracellular pathogens. Are these PRR up regulated or down regulated?

A

always up regulated because microbes should never be there

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17
Q

IEC secrete CCL___ which recruits CCR__ + dendritic cells to sub-epithelial dome of Peyer’s patch

A

CCL20
CCR6

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18
Q

IEC also secretes CX_____ which recruits APC that stick through the epithelium to sample lumen

A

CX3CR1

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19
Q

IEC produce ________ which is sensed by DCs in lamina properia and promotes tolerance

A

TSLP (thymic stromal lymphpoietin)

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20
Q

IEC produce _____ which is derived from vitamin A, and bacteria can also produce it as well as SCFA (short chain fatty acids) to promote tolerance in DCs.

A

RA (retinoic acids)

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21
Q

Once a DC samples antigen by sticking dendrite in between epithelial cells where does it go?

A

near by Peyer’s pacth or mesenteric lymph node

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22
Q

If a DC is activated by ________, _______ or ______ secreted by IEC, it will activate and expand Tregs to promote tolerance.

A

TSLP
RA
SCFA

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23
Q

IEC, stromal cells, and mast cells in lamina properia secretes IL-___ and _____ to attract monocytes

A

IL-8
TGF-b

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24
Q

CD___ on macrophages promotes inflammatory factors

A

CD14

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25
Q

Epithelial cells produce ________ which promotes B cell class switching

A

APRIL

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26
Q

Epithelial cells produce ________ which aids in T cell independent antibody response

A

TSLP

27
Q

What are 3 functions of antibodies?

A

neutralization
opsonization
complement activation

28
Q

What Igs neutralize?

A

IgA
IgG

29
Q

How do antibodies neutralize?

A

bind to toxin to prevent it from coming in contact with host cells and prevent replication of viruses

30
Q

What antibody method does the flu vaccine use?

A

neutralization

31
Q

Does to bacteria or viruses inhibit their replication?

A

bacteria - no
viruses - yes

32
Q

In opsonization, antibodies bind to the pathogen and phagocytic cells bind to the antibodies _____ region

A

Fc

33
Q

What antibodies complement fix?

A

IgM
IgG

34
Q

Do antibodies have to bind to cell/pathogen to induce complement?

A

no
just makes it easier to activate if it binds

35
Q

What is the end result of complement activation?

A

c1q binds
lysis

36
Q

CD8+ T cells are also known as …

A

cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL)

37
Q

Do CTL bind directly to pathogen?

A

no, interacts with infected cells

38
Q

Do CD4+ helper T cells bind directly to pathogen?

A

no
secrete cytokines and recruits innate cells when activated by APC

39
Q

What is the main role of TH1 cells?

A

intracellular pathogens and macrophage response

40
Q

What is an inducing cytokine and transcription factor for TH1 cells?

A

IL-12
Tbet

41
Q

What cytokine does TH1 cells mainly produce?

A

IFN-g

42
Q

TH1 cells and macrophages interact using CD__ which produces IFN-g

A

CD40

43
Q

TH1 cells produce IL-____ and _____ to stimulate monocyte production

A

IL-3
GM-CSF

44
Q

TH1 cells secrete ______ which recruits monocytes

A

CCL2

45
Q

TH1 cells secrete ______ and ______ to induce local inflammation and increase permeability of epithelium

A

TNF-a
LT-a

46
Q

TH1 cells secrete IL-___ to aid in CD8+ T cell differentiation

A

IL-2

47
Q

What is the main function of TH2 cells?

A

multi-cellular pathogens (parasites) and granulocytes (mast cells, basophils, eosinophils

48
Q

What is the inducing cytokine and transcription factor for TH2 cells?

A

IL-4
GATA

49
Q

What are the effector cytokines of TH2 cells?

A

IL-4
IL-5
IL-13

50
Q

TH2 effector cytokine, IL-___, promotes epithelial turnover and mucus secretion

A

IL-13

51
Q

What is the main role of TH17 cells?

A

extracellular bacteria/fungi and aid neutrophils

52
Q

What are the inducing cytokines and transcription factor for TH17 cells?

A

IL-6
IL-23

RORyt

53
Q

What are the TH17 effector cytokines?

A

IL-17
IL-22

54
Q

TH17 cells produce IL-17 which promotes _______ release which will produce more neutrophils

A

G-CSF

55
Q

What is the most abundant immune cell?

A

neutrophils

56
Q

TH17 cytokines, IL___ and IL___ promotes epithelial cells to produce AMPs

A

IL-17
IL-22

57
Q

TH17 cytokine, IL-____, promotes epithelial turnover

A

IL-22

58
Q

Neutrophils kill via phagocytosis and degranulation which can cause host cell damage, how is this prevented?

A

increased IL-22 expression increase cell turnover

59
Q

What cytokines do ILC3 and TH17 cells share?

A

IL-17
IL-22

60
Q

Are TH17 or ILC3 active first and why?

A

ILC3
doesn’t require clonal selection/expansion and resides in tissue

61
Q

How does ILC3 affect the adaptive immune response?

A

promotes tolerance by down regulating DC, B cells, and T cells

62
Q

What does ILC3 secrete that TH17 cannot?

A

LT-ab
GM-CSF

63
Q

Why does ILC3 not have costimulatory molecules, CD28 and B7, when interacting with DCs?

A

Presentation without inflammatory response

OLD "MIC 665" (5 decks)

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