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Ex Rx for Individuals with Chronic Disease > Quiz #4 > Flashcards

Quiz #4 Flashcards

1
Q

Over 100 different types of cancer
- Most of them are very strongly associated with _ use and/or _

A
  • tobacco
  • physical inactivity
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2
Q

Cancer:
- Globally, 13 million new cases/yr
- In 2015, 1.63 million new cases in the U.S. (600,000 death)
- _ leading cause of death in the U.S.

A

2nd

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3
Q

2/3 of all cancer patients live for ≥ _
- Over 13 million Americans who are living with cancer as a major chronic condition

A

5 yr

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4
Q

_ of all Americans will be diagnosed with cancer during lifetime

A

40%

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5
Q

Top 10 Cancers by Rates of New Cases

A
  1. Female Breast
  2. Prostate
  3. Lung & Bronchus
  4. Colon & Rectum
  5. Corpus & Uterus
  6. Melanomas of the skin
  7. Urinary Bladder
  8. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
  9. Kidney & Renal Pelvis
  10. Thyroid
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6
Q

Top 10 Cancers by Rates of Canter Deaths

A
  1. Lung & Bronchus
  2. Female Breast
  3. Prostate
  4. Colon & Rectum
  5. Pancreas
  6. Ovary
  7. Liver & Intrahepatic Bile Duct
  8. Leukemias
  9. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
  10. Corpus & Uterus
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7
Q

Cancer - Basic Pathophysiology:
- Body’s normal _ stops working

A

control mechanism

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8
Q

Cancer - Basic Pathophysiology:
- Cells grow out of control forming new, _ cells

A

abnormal

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9
Q

Cancer - Basic Pathophysiology:
- Uncontrollably abnormal cells destroy normal body tissue, then become a _

A

tumor

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10
Q

Cancer - Basic Pathophysiology:
- Tumors
– not invade neighboring tissues or spread to distant sites;
– When removed, usually do not grow back;
– not cancer but not 100% safe

A

Benign

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11
Q

(Not cancer) tumor cells grow only locally and cannot spread by invasion or metastasis

A

Benign Tumor

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12
Q

Cancer - Basic Pathophysiology:
- Tumors
– invade and spread fast;
– Cancerous

A

Malignant

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13
Q

(cancer) cells invade neighboring tissues, enter blood vessels and metastasize to different sites

A

Malignant Tumor

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14
Q

Malignant means _ in Latin

A

“badly born”

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15
Q

Cancer - Risk Factors:
- _ use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths

A

Tobacco

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16
Q

Cancer - Risk Factors:
- Another 10% is due to _, _, _, and _

A
  • physical inactivity,
  • obesity,
  • poor diet, and
  • drinking alcohol
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17
Q

Cancer - Risk Factors:
- Approx. 5–10% of cancers are due to _

A

inherited genetic defects from a person’s parents

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18
Q

Cancer - Risk Factors:
- Other factors include certain _, _, and _

A
  • infections,
  • exposure to radiation, and
  • environmental pollutants
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19
Q

10 Cancer prevention Recommendations

A
  1. Be a healthy weight
  2. Be physically active
  3. Eat a diet rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruit and beans
  4. Limit consumption of ‘fast foods’ and other processed foods high in fat, starches or sugars
  5. Limit consumption of red and processed meat
  6. Limit consumption of sugar sweetened drinks
  7. Limit alcohol consumption
  8. Do not use supplements for cancer prevention
  9. For mothers, breastfeed baby if you can
  10. After a cancer diagnosis follow WCRF/AICR recommendations if you can
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20
Q

A cancer that forms in the cells of the breast

A

Breast Cancer

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21
Q
  • Breast lump or thickening
  • Change in size, shape, skin
  • Change in nipple
A

Breast Cancer

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22
Q

Breast Cancer ages affected

A

Most 41-60 & 60+

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23
Q

Breast Cancer gender affected

A

Most in females

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24
Q

Researchers have identified hormonal, lifestyle and environmental factors that may increase risk of _
- But it’s not clear why some people who have no risk factors develop cancer, yet other people with risk factors never do
- It’s likely that _ is caused by a complex interaction of genetic makeup and environment

A

breast cancer

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25
Q

_ most often begins with cells in the ducts that produce and carry milk to the nipple

A

Breast cancer

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26
Q

A cancer in a man’s prostate, a small walnut-shaped gland that produces seminal fluid

A

Prostate cancer

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27
Q

The exact causes of _ are unknown
- Most grow slowly

A

Prostate cancer

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28
Q

Prostate Cancer:
All men are at risk: About1man in _ will be diagnosed in lifetime, only1 manin 39 will die

A

7

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29
Q

About 80% of men who reach age 80 yrs have _ cells in their prostates

A

prostate cancer

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30
Q

A cancer that begins in the lungs and most often occurs in people who smoke

A

Lung Cancer

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31
Q

Smoking causes the majority of _ cancers: both in smokers and in people exposed to secondhand or third-hand smoke

A

lung

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32
Q

At first body may be able to repair this damage
- But with each repeated exposure, normal cells that line lungs are increasingly damaged
- Over time, _ cancer may develop

A

lung

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33
Q

But lung cancer also occurs in people who never smoked and in those who never had exposure to secondhand smoke
- In these cases, there may be no clear _ of lung cancer

A

cause

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34
Q

Cancer - effect of Ex Training:
- Ex has benefits for those who are undergoing treatment and those who have completed treatment

A
  • HRFP
  • Physical functioning
  • Motivation
  • sleep
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35
Q

Cancer - effect of Ex Training:
- MVPA prevents reoccurrence and death from _ cancers

A

breast and colon

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36
Q

Cancer - effect of Ex Training:
- Ex has benefits for older cancer _ who have chronic conditions

A

survivors

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37
Q

Cancer - effect of Ex Training:
- Ex has benefits for older cancer survivors who have chronic conditions
– Prostate cancer survivor are more likely to die of _ than their cancer

A

CVD

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38
Q

Cancer - effect of Ex Training:
- Ex has benefits for older cancer survivors who have chronic conditions
– Breast cancer survivors after 10 yrs of survival are more likely to die of _

A

CVD

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39
Q

Cancer - effect of Ex Training:
- Those who are more fit are better able to _

A

withstand the medical treatment

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40
Q

Ex Testing for Cancer Patients:
- _ method & CVD risk factor classification

A

Self-guided

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41
Q

Ex Testing for Cancer Patients:
- Comprehensive assessment of _: Senior fitness test; FITNESSGRAM; 6-min walk

A

HRPF

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42
Q

Ex Testing for Cancer Patients:
- _ testing is safe among breast cancer survivors

A

1-RM

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43
Q

Ex Programming for Cancer Patients:
- Survivors of cancers should avoid _ during & after treatment

A

inactivity

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44
Q

Ex Programming for Cancer Patients:
- For persons in active cancer treatment: use _ guideline

A

chronic disease

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45
Q

Ex Programming for Cancer Patients:
- For those in remission: use _ guideline

A

healthy individual

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46
Q

Ex Rx Considerations for Cancer Patients:
- _ progression may be needed compared to healthy adults

A

Slower

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47
Q

Ex Rx Considerations for Cancer Patients:
- Survivors who have completed treatment can _ exercise duration when tolerated

A

gradually increase

48
Q

Ex Rx Considerations for Cancer Patients:
- If tolerated without _ of symptoms, Ex Rx is _ from healthy population

A
  • adverse effects
  • not different
49
Q

Ex Rx Considerations for Cancer Patients:
- _ may be less reliable for monitoring aerobic ex intensity

A

HRr

50
Q

Ex Rx Considerations for Cancer Patients:
- Survivors of _ cancers should consider beginning a _ resistance training program

A
  • breast & gynecological
  • Supervised
51
Q

Ex Rx Considerations for Cancer Patients:
- _ exercise can be implemented even during active treatment

A

Flexibility

52
Q

Ex Rx Considerations for Cancer Patients:
- _ per day rather than a single bout may be useful

A

Several short bouts

53
Q

FITT for Individuals with cancer:
Aerobic
- Frequency

A

3-5 days/week

54
Q

The appropriate FITT recommendations will vary across the cancer experience and requires _ of the Ex Rx

A

Individualization

55
Q

FITT for Individuals with cancer:
Resistance Training
- Frequency

A

2-3 days/week

56
Q

FITT for Individuals with cancer:
Flexibility
- Frequency

A

can occur daily

57
Q

FITT for Individuals with cancer:
Intensity

A

increase intensity slowly for all physical activities

58
Q

FITT for Individuals with cancer:
Intensity
- Educating survivors to use _ to monitor intensity

A

perceived exertion

59
Q

FITT for Individuals with cancer:
Intensity
- If tolerated without adverse effects of symptoms ex intensity need _ from healthy populations

A

not differ

60
Q

FITT for Individuals with cancer:
Time
- If tolerated without adverse effects of symptoms ex session duration need _ from healthy populations

A

no differ

61
Q

FITT for Individuals with cancer:
Time
- _ rather than a single bout may be useful, particularly during active treatment

A

Several short bouts per day

62
Q

CVD facts in the U.S.:
- _ leading cause of death

A

1st

63
Q

CVD facts in the U.S.:
- About 630,000 Americans die of CVD every year— _ in every _ deaths

A

1 in every 4 deaths

64
Q

CVD facts in the U.S.:
- CVD costs about _ each year

A

$207 billion

65
Q

CVD facts in the U.S.:
- _ disease is the most common type of CVD, 370,000 death/yr

A

Coronary artery

66
Q

CVD facts in the U.S.:
- Nearly 6 million Americans are living with _

A

heart failure

67
Q

CVD facts in the U.S.:
- Someone has a _ in every 40s

A

heart attack

68
Q

CVD key risk factors

A
  • High blood pressure
  • High cholesterol
  • Smoking
69
Q

Other CVD risk factors

A
  • Physical inactivity
  • Diabetes
  • Overweight & obesity
  • Alcohol use
  • Poor diet
70
Q

CVD key risk factors:
About_ have at least one of these three risk factors

A

half of Americans(49%)

71
Q

CVD key risk factors:
Hypertension is more likely to develop _ disease, because hypertension puts added force against artery walls
- Over time, extra pressure damage the arteries, making them vulnerable to the narrowing and plaque buildup

A

coronary artery

72
Q

CVD key risk factors:
If we take in more _ than the body can use, the extra will build up in arteries walls, including those of the heart

A

cholesterol

73
Q

CVD key risk factors:
_ damage the heart and blood vessels, which increases risk for heart conditions such as atherosclerosis and heart attack
- Nicotine raises blood pressure
- carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen that blood can carry

A

Cigarette smoking (tar)

74
Q

Major blood vessels (coronary arteries) that supply heart with blood, oxygen and nutrients become damaged or diseased

A

Coronary Artery Disease

75
Q

Coronary Artery Disease Pathophysiology:
- Too much _ builds up
- Arteries become _
- Decreased _ to heart
- Chronic condition

A
  • plague (cholesterol deposits)
  • narrow
  • blood flow
76
Q

Coronary Artery Disease symptoms

A
  • Chest pain (angina)
  • Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
  • Heart attack happens when arteries are completed blocked
77
Q

Heart attack pathophysiology:
- Occurs when artery supplying heart with blood and O2 becomes _
- Tissue loses O2 and dies
- Medical emergency

A

blocked

78
Q

Heart attack symptoms

A
  • Tightness or pain on chest, neck, back, or arms
  • Fatigue & abnormal heart beat
  • Heart may be damaged, be risk for another attack or other CVD conditions
  • One of 5 heart attacks is silent—the damage is done, but the person is not aware of it
79
Q

Heart failure pathophysiology:
- Heart cannot pump _
- Does not mean heart has stopped beating
- Chronic condition caused by CAD (weaken the heart muscle), diabetes, hypertension, tobacco, eating fat & sodium

A

enough blood and O2

80
Q

Heart failure symptoms

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Fatigue & abnormal heart beat
  • Swollen legs
81
Q

A chronic condition in which the heart doesn’t pump blood as well as it should

A

Congestive heart failure

82
Q

Swelling in the legs and ankles is caused by fluid accumulation in the body, which can be a sign of worsening _
- The fluid build-up is due to reduced blood flow out of the heart, causing blood returning to the heart through the veins to back up

A

heart failure

83
Q

Ex Testing for CVD Patients:
- The test should be _

A

symptom-limited

84
Q

Ex Testing for CVD Patients:
- Self-guided method, pre-screening, CVD risk factor classification—-_ risk
- Ex testing under _ is necessary

A
  • High
  • medical supervision
85
Q

Ex Testing for CVD Patients:
- Comprehensive assessment of _: Senior fitness test; FITNESSGRAM

A

HRPF

86
Q

Ex Testing for CVD Patients:
- Routine Ex risk assessment should be performed _ each Ex session: HR, BP, CVD symptoms, ECG if necessary

A

before, during, and after

87
Q

Ex Testing for CVD Patients:
- Ex testing early (2–3 wk) after hospital discharge is useful in patients who suffered from _

A

heart attack

88
Q

Effects of Ex Training on CVD:
Ex Training could improve CVD patients’ HRPF, functional capacity, symptoms, and life quality, because _

A
  • Strengthen heart muscle
  • Reduction of Atherosclerotic Risk Factors
  • Lower blood pressure
  • Increases levels of HDL cholesterol
  • Fight against obesity, diabetes
  • Burn off stress
  • Sleep better
89
Q

Effects of Ex Training on CVD:
important for both _ and _

A

inpatients and outpatients

90
Q

Effects of Ex Training on CVD:
- Heart muscle becomes more _ throughout.
- This means heart pushes out more blood with each beat, allowing it to beat slower and keep blood pressure under control.
- When exercise regularly, body’s tissue (including the heart) does a better job of pulling O2 from blood.
- This allows heart to work better underintense activity

A

efficient and could better pump blood

91
Q

Ex Programming for CVD patients:
- Avoid _ during & after treatment

A

inactivity

92
Q

Ex Programming for CVD patients:
- _ guideline is recommended
– Be flexible
– Well tolerated
– Be safe

A

Chronic disease

93
Q

Ex Programming for CVD patients:
- Optimal _ ratio

A

Ex to Rest

94
Q

FITT recommendations for inpatient cancer programs
- Frequency

A

2-4 times per day for the first 3 days of hospital stay

95
Q

FITT recommendations for inpatient cancer programs:
- The optimal dose of Ex for inpatients has _
- Patients should progress from self-care activities (e.g., sitting, toileting) to walking short-to moderate distances with minimal or no assistance three to four times per day to independent walk/move on the hospital unit

A

not been defined

96
Q

FITT recommendations for inpatient cancer programs:
- Intensity

A

upper limit </= 120 beats/min

97
Q

FITT recommendations for inpatient cancer programs:
- At hospital discharge, the patient should have _ regarding strenuous activities (e.g., heavy lifting, climbing stairs, yard work, household activities) that are permissible and those they should avoid
- Moreover, a safe, progressive plan of exercise should be formulated before leaving the hospital

A

specific instructions

98
Q

FITT recommendations for inpatient cancer programs:
- Time

A

Begin with intermittent bouts of 3-5 min as tolerated

99
Q

Goals for Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation

A
  • Develop and assist the patient in implementing a safe and effective formal exercise and lifestyle physical activity program
  • Provide appropriate supervision and monitoring to detect change in clinical status
  • Provide ongoing surveillance to the patient’s health care providers in order to enhance medical management
  • Return the patient to vocational and recreational activities or modify these activities based on the patients clinical status
  • Provide patient and spouse/partner/family education to optimize secondary prevention through aggressive lifestyle management and judicious use of cardioprotective medications
100
Q

FITT recommendations for outpatient cancer programs:
- Frequency

A

at least 3 days but preferably most days of the week
- should be done independently

100
Q

FITT recommendations for outpatient cancer programs:
- Intensity

A

40-80% of exercise capacity

101
Q

FITT recommendations for outpatient cancer programs:
- Intensity
– RPE of _

A

11-16

102
Q

FITT recommendations for outpatient cancer programs:
- Intensity
– It is preferable for individuals to take their _ at their usual time as recommended by their health care provider

A

prescribed medications

103
Q

FITT recommendations for outpatient cancer programs:
- Time
– Goal for duration is generally _ per session

A

20-60 min

104
Q

FITT recommendations for outpatient cancer programs:
- Type`

A

Increased caloric expenditure for maintenance of a healthy body weight

105
Q

FITT recommendations for outpatient cancer programs:
- Type
– Aerobic _ training

A

interval

106
Q

FITT recommendations for outpatient cancer programs:
- Progression

A

should be individualized

107
Q

FITT recommendations for outpatient cancer programs:
- Type
– _ is a type of surgery that improves blood flow to the heart. Surgeons use_ to treat people who have severe coronary heart disease

A

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

108
Q

FITT recommendations for outpatient cancer programs:
- Increase loads by _ increments

A

5%

109
Q

FITT recommendations for outpatient cancer programs:
- _ patients may progress to 8-12 repetitions with a resistance of 60-80% 1RM

A

Low-risk

110
Q

FITT recommendations for outpatient cancer programs:
- Perform _ exercises of the major muscle groups

A

8-10

111
Q

FITT recommendations for outpatient cancer programs:
- Frequency of _ days/week with at least 48h separating training sessions

A

2-3

112
Q

Exercise Training Considerations:
- Multiple _ sessions may be considered as a starting point

A

shorter

113
Q

Exercise Training Considerations:
- This may be as little as _ sessions or 10-20% per week

A

1-5 min

114
Q

Exercise Training Considerations:
- _ involves alternating 3-4 min periods of exercise at 80-90% approx 40 min 3 times

A

High-intensity interval training (HITT)

Ex Rx for Individuals with Chronic Disease (9 decks)

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