Quiz #4 Flashcards
Over 100 different types of cancer
- Most of them are very strongly associated with _ use and/or _
- tobacco
- physical inactivity
Cancer:
- Globally, 13 million new cases/yr
- In 2015, 1.63 million new cases in the U.S. (600,000 death)
- _ leading cause of death in the U.S.
2nd
2/3 of all cancer patients live for ≥ _
- Over 13 million Americans who are living with cancer as a major chronic condition
5 yr
_ of all Americans will be diagnosed with cancer during lifetime
40%
Top 10 Cancers by Rates of New Cases
- Female Breast
- Prostate
- Lung & Bronchus
- Colon & Rectum
- Corpus & Uterus
- Melanomas of the skin
- Urinary Bladder
- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Kidney & Renal Pelvis
- Thyroid
Top 10 Cancers by Rates of Canter Deaths
- Lung & Bronchus
- Female Breast
- Prostate
- Colon & Rectum
- Pancreas
- Ovary
- Liver & Intrahepatic Bile Duct
- Leukemias
- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Corpus & Uterus
Cancer - Basic Pathophysiology:
- Body’s normal _ stops working
control mechanism
Cancer - Basic Pathophysiology:
- Cells grow out of control forming new, _ cells
abnormal
Cancer - Basic Pathophysiology:
- Uncontrollably abnormal cells destroy normal body tissue, then become a _
tumor
Cancer - Basic Pathophysiology:
- Tumors
– not invade neighboring tissues or spread to distant sites;
– When removed, usually do not grow back;
– not cancer but not 100% safe
Benign
(Not cancer) tumor cells grow only locally and cannot spread by invasion or metastasis
Benign Tumor
Cancer - Basic Pathophysiology:
- Tumors
– invade and spread fast;
– Cancerous
Malignant
(cancer) cells invade neighboring tissues, enter blood vessels and metastasize to different sites
Malignant Tumor
Malignant means _ in Latin
“badly born”
Cancer - Risk Factors:
- _ use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths
Tobacco
Cancer - Risk Factors:
- Another 10% is due to _, _, _, and _
- physical inactivity,
- obesity,
- poor diet, and
- drinking alcohol
Cancer - Risk Factors:
- Approx. 5–10% of cancers are due to _
inherited genetic defects from a person’s parents
Cancer - Risk Factors:
- Other factors include certain _, _, and _
- infections,
- exposure to radiation, and
- environmental pollutants
10 Cancer prevention Recommendations
- Be a healthy weight
- Be physically active
- Eat a diet rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruit and beans
- Limit consumption of ‘fast foods’ and other processed foods high in fat, starches or sugars
- Limit consumption of red and processed meat
- Limit consumption of sugar sweetened drinks
- Limit alcohol consumption
- Do not use supplements for cancer prevention
- For mothers, breastfeed baby if you can
- After a cancer diagnosis follow WCRF/AICR recommendations if you can
A cancer that forms in the cells of the breast
Breast Cancer
- Breast lump or thickening
- Change in size, shape, skin
- Change in nipple
Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer ages affected
Most 41-60 & 60+
Breast Cancer gender affected
Most in females
Researchers have identified hormonal, lifestyle and environmental factors that may increase risk of _
- But it’s not clear why some people who have no risk factors develop cancer, yet other people with risk factors never do
- It’s likely that _ is caused by a complex interaction of genetic makeup and environment
breast cancer