Quiz #2 Flashcards
Maximal oxygen consumed per unit of time
- Relative: mL/Kg/min
VO2 max
Reflects the ability of the lungs, blood, heart, muscles, and other organs to transport and utilize O2
VO2 max
VO2 max different tests
- Depends largely on test natures, risk level of the patient, equipment and personnel
- Direct measurement
- Indirect measurement
VO2 max different tests:
Reach fatigue and exhaustion
“true” VO2 max
VO2 max different tests:
Estimation of VO2 max via sub-maximal tests
Indirect measurement
VO2 max - measures O2 and CO2
- Pros: most accurate means
- Cons: Lab/clinical setting, expensive equipment, specialized personnel
Direct measurement
VO2 max indirect measurement
- submaximal test why?
safety consideration
VO2 max indirect measurement
- submaximal test
– Uses the _ under submaximal work rates to _ VO2 max
- HR responses
- predict
VO2 max indirect measurement
- submaximal test
– Recommend among _ patients
chronic disease
VO2 max indirect submaximal tests
- Cycle ergometer test
- treadmill test
- step test
VO2 max submaximal test measures
- HR: _ pulse
- 2nd & 3rd fingers locate on radial artery
- _ x _
- radial
- 15sec x 4
Test termination criteria
- onset of angina or angina-like symptoms
- Excessive rise in BP
- Failure of HR to increase with increased exercise intensity
- shortness of breath, wheezing, leg cramps
VO2 max field tests:
- VO2 max (mL/Kg/min) = 3.5 + 483/min of the mile time
1.5 mile run/walk
VO2 max field tests:
- VO2 max (mL/Kg/min) = distance in meters - 504.9)/44.73
12-min walk/run
VO2 max other step tests based on recovery HR
Queens college step test
4 general principles of Exercise Prescription (Ex Rx)
- Decrease sedentary time; increase physical activity
- Health-related physical fitness (HRPF) should be addressed
- A variety of exercise performed as part of daily living
- Individually tailed exercise
Ex Rx Model
FITT-VP
Ex Rx Model: FITT-VP
F = _
Frequency - How often
Ex Rx Model: FITT-VP
I = _
Intensity - How hard
Ex Rx Model: FITT-VP
T = _
T = _
Time - How long
Type - What kind
Ex Rx Model: FITT-VP
V = _
Volume - Total amount
Ex Rx Model: FITT-VP
P = _
Progression - Advancement
- Warm-up
- Conditioning and/or sports-related Ex
– Cardiorespiratory
– Muscular
– Flexibility
– Neuromotor (preventative fall risk)
– Sports activity - Cool down
- stretching
Ex Rx components
Cardiorespiratory: Frequency (How often)
Healthy individual
- >/= 5 days with _
moderate
Cardiorespiratory: Frequency (How often)
Healthy individual
- or >/= 3 days with _
vigorous
Cardiorespiratory: Frequency (How often)
Healthy individual
- or _ with combination
3-5 days/week
Cardiorespiratory: Frequency (How often)
Chronic disease individual
- 4-5 days/week with _ to _
light to moderate
Cardiorespiratory: Frequency (How often)
Chronic disease individual
- _ under very few circumstances
vigorous
Cardiorespiratory: Intensity (How hard)
Healthy individual
- can pass the talk test
- RPE of 3-5/10
- 40-59% HRr
Moderate
Cardiorespiratory: Intensity (How hard)
Healthy individual
- can’t pass the talk test
- RPE of 5-8/10
- 60-89% HRr
Vigorous
Cardiorespiratory: Intensity (How hard)
Chronic disease/deconditioned individual
- barely detachable in breath
- RPE of 3/10
- 30-40% HRr
Light
Cardiorespiratory: Intensity (How hard)
Chronic disease/deconditioned individual
- can pass the talk test
- RPE of 3-5/10
- 40-60% HRr
Moderate
Measurement error happens when using _
absolute
6 METs
- Older individual = _
- Younger individual = _
- vigorous to max intensity
- moderate intensity
Find target intensity equation
- HRr
(HRr x % intensity desired) + HRrest
Find target intensity equation
- HRmax
HRmax x % intensity desired
Find target intensity equation
- VO2r
(VO2r x % intensity desired) + VO2rest
Find target intensity equation
- VO2max
VO2max x % intensity desired
Cardiorespiratory: Time (How long)
Healthy individual
- 30-60 min/day (>/= 150 min/wk)
moderate
Cardiorespiratory: Time (How long)
Healthy individual
- 20-60 min/day (>/= 75 min/wk)
vigorous
Cardiorespiratory: Time (How long)
Healthy individual
- >/= 60-90 min/day for _
weight management
Cardiorespiratory: Time (How long)
Healthy individual
- < 20 min/day can be beneficial in previously _ people
sedentary
Cardiorespiratory: Time (How long)
Chronic disease/deconditioned individual
- 40 min/day (>/= min/wk) from _
light to moderate
Cardiorespiratory: Time (How long)
Chronic disease/deconditioned individual
- 20 min/day if a combined session with a _
strength training exercise
Cardiorespiratory: Time (How long)
Choice - continuously or intermittently
bout >/= 10 minutes
Cardiorespiratory: Type (What kind)
- Rhythmic, aerobic activities involve large muscle groups (brisk walking, jogging)
- Require little skill to perform
- Aquatics
- Gardening
- Cycling
Cardiorespiratory: Progression
Healthy individual
- An increase in exercise 5-10 min/session every 1-2 wks over the first 4-6 wks
- after >/= month, frequency, intensity, time should be gradually increased
Cardiorespiratory: Progression
Chronic disease/deconditioned individual
- Form self-selected pace
- Gradually increase time to 40 min/session over 4 wks
- Increase intensity as tolerated
Equation for HR reserve
HRr = HR max - HR rest
Ability to exert force to overcome the most resistance
strength
Ability to repeatedly exert force against resistance
endurance
2 goals for a health-related resistance training program
- Make activities of daily living less stressful physiologically
- Effectively manage, attenuate, and even prevent chronic diseases and health conditions
Muscular fitness: Frequency (How often)
Healthy individual
- Each major muscle group _
- _ break for the same muscle group
- 2-3 days/week
- 2 days
Muscular fitness: Frequency (How often)
Chronic disease individual
- Each major muscle group _
2-3 days/week
Muscular fitness: Intensity (How hard)
Healthy individual
- 60-80% 1-RM (MV intensity) to improve _
strength
Muscular fitness: Intensity (How hard)
Healthy individual
- 40-50% 1-RM to improve _
elders strength
Muscular fitness: Intensity (How hard)
Healthy individual
- > 50% 1-RM (L intensity) to improve _
endurance
Muscular fitness: Intensity (How hard)
Chronic disease individual
- 50-70% 1-RM (M intensity) to improve _
strength
Muscular fitness: Intensity (How hard)
Chronic disease individual
- > 50 1-RM (L intensity) to improve _
endurance
Muscular fitness: Volume (Reps x Sets)
Healthy individual
- 8-12 reps x 2-4 sets (each major muscle) to improve _
- 2-3 mins rest in between
strength
Muscular fitness: Volume (Reps x Sets)
Healthy individual
- 10-15 reps x 1-2 sets to improve _ in middle-aged & elders
strength
Muscular fitness: Volume (Reps x Sets)
Healthy individual
- 15-20 reps x </= 2 sets to improve _
- shorter rest intervals
endurance
Muscular fitness: Volume (Reps x Sets)
Healthy individual
- 2-3 min rest between sets
- shorter rest for _
endurance
Muscular fitness: Volume (Reps x Sets)
Chronic disease individual
- 8-12 reps x 1-2 sets to improve _ (each major muscle)
strength
Muscular fitness: Volume (Reps x Sets)
Sets can be accomplished from
- the _
- a _ targeting the same muscle group
- same exercise
- combo exercise
Muscular fitness: Type (What kind)
- Equipment (gravity-based) & body weight exercise
- Major muscle groups
- Multi-joint exercise affecting more than one muscle group
- Single joint exercise targeting one muscle group
- Core exercises
- Avoid muscle imbalances
Muscular fitness: Progression
Chronic disease individual
- Build gradually to as many sets as _ (use RPE)
tolerated
Muscular fitness: Progression
healthy individual
- 12 reps principle
- Increase FIT with every _
- Change Type _
- 2-3 weeks
- every week
Flexibility:
Frequency - How often
- Healthy individual
2-3 days/week
Flexibility:
Frequency - How often
- Chronic disease individual
3 days/week
Flexibility:
Intensity - How hard
To the point of tightness or slight discomfort
Flexibility:
Time - How long
- Healthy individual
10-30 seconds holding stretch x 2-4 sets/day (at least a total of 60 seconds)
Flexibility:
Time - How long
- Healthy older individuals
30-60 seconds holding stretch x 2-4 sets/day
Flexibility:
Time - How long
- Chronic disease individual
20 seconds holding the stretch
Flexibility exercises:
Use the momentum of the moving body segment to produce the stretch
Ballistic methods or “bouncing” stretches
Flexibility exercises:
Involves a gradual transition from one body position to another, and a progressive increase in reach and range of motion as the movement is repeated several times
Dynamic or slow moving stretching
Flexibility exercises:
Involves slowly stretching a muscle/tendon group and holding the position for a period of time
- can be done active or passive
Static stretching
Flexibility exercises:
Involves holding the stretch position using the strength of the agonist muscle as is common in many forms of yoga
Active static stretching
Flexibility exercises:
Involves assuming a position while holding a limb or other part of the body with or without the assistance of a partner or device
Passive static stretching
Flexibility exercises:
Takes several forms but typically involve an isometric contraction of the selected muscle/tendon group followed by a static stretching of the same group
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)
Flexibility volume recommendation
A total of 60 seconds per joint holding for 10-30 seconds to the point of tightness or slight discomfort
“Function fitness training” and incorporates motor skills such as balance, coordination, gait, and agility training
Neuromotor
Ex Rx: Neuromotor
- For individuals who are _
at-risk/fear of fall
- tai chi
- Yoga
Neuromotor: Frequency (How much)
> /= 2-3 days/week
Neuromotor: Time (How long)
> /= 20-30 min/day as needed
Special considerations for young people
- safety
- 60 min/day MVPA guideline may not work for overweight or physically inactive young individuals
- Ex Rx must be tailored to specific diseases and disability conditions
Children and adolescents should do _ or more of physical activity daily
60 minutes
Key guidelines for children and adolescents:
Aerobic
Most of the 60 or more minutes a day should be either moderate or vigorous intensity at least 3 days a week
Key guidelines for children and adolescents:
muscle-strengthening
As part of their 60 or more minutes of daily physical activity, should include at least 3 days a week
Key guidelines for children and adolescents:
Bone-strengthening
As part of their 60 or more minutes of daily physical activity, should include at least 3 days a week
3 Key guidelines for children and adolescents
- Aerobic
- Muscle-strengthening
- Bone-strengthening
Key guidelines for adults:
adults should _ more and _ less throughout the day
- move
- sit
Key guidelines for adults:
For substantial health benefits, adults should do at least _ minutes a week of moderate-intensity or _ a week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity or an equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous intensity aerobic activity
- 150 minutes (2hrs 30min) to 300 minutes (5hrs)
- 75 minutes (1hr 15min) to 150 minutes ( 2hrs 30min)
Key guidelines for adults:
Adults should also do _ activities of moderate or greater intensity and that involve all major muscle groups on 2 or more days a week
muscle-strengthening
Key guidelines for older adults:
As part of their weekly physical activity, older adults should do multicomponent physical activity that includes _
balance-training as well as aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities
Key guidelines for women during pregnancy and the postpartum period:
Healthy women who are not already highly active or doing vigorous-intensity activity should get at least _ of moderate-intensity aerobic activity a week during pregnancy and the postpartum period
- should be spread throughout the week
150 minutes
Key guidelines for women during pregnancy and the postpartum period:
Pregnant women who _ in vigorous-intensity aerobic activity or who are highly active can continue physical activity during pregnancy and the postpartum period, provided that they remain healthy and discuss with their health-care provider how and when activity should be adjusted over time
habitually engage
FITT recommendations for pregnant women:
Aerobic exercise
- Frequency
3-4 days/week
FITT recommendations for pregnant women:
Aerobic exercise
- Intensity
Moderate-light intensity
FITT recommendations for pregnant women:
Aerobic exercise
- Time
Starting with 25 min per day then adding 2 min per week until 40 min 3-4 days/week is achieved
Key guidelines for adults with disabilities:
Should get at least _ a week of moderate-intensity, or _ a week of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity
- 150 minutes
- 75 minutes
Key guidelines for adults with disabilities:
Those who are able to should do _ activities of moderate or high intensity that involve all major muscle groups on 2 or more days a week
muscle-strengthening
Key guidelines for adults with disabilities:
When adults with disabilities are not able to meet the guidelines, they should engage in regular physical activity according to their abilities and _
should avoid inactivity
Key guidelines for adults with disabilities:
Adults with disabilities should _ about the amounts and types of physical activity that are appropriate for their abilities
consult their health-care provider