Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2115 > quiz 4 > Flashcards

quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are climate conference goals
- review …
- decide …
- prepare …, …, …

A

review evidence, decide course of action, prepare treaties, documents and agreements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the UNEP, when was it established and after what declaration

A

after the stockholm declaration established in 1972, United nations environment programme.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the IPCC is a subgroup of

A

world meteorology organisation, intergovernmental panel on climate change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how many IPCC reports have there been

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

UNFCCC stands for, how many countries have signed it

A

united nations framework convention on climate change. treaty signed by 154 countries in 1992.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

COP

A

conference of the parties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2015 COP resulted in what agreement

A

Paris agreement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the kyoto protocol made countries … to reduce emissions

A

countries who were there were legally forced to reduce emissions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the US went against the kyoto protocol because

A

developing countries were not legally binded to it, so china was crazy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the paris agreement was legally binding (t/f)

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how much money was encourgaed by nations under the paris agreement to green funding

A

100 million dollars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the montreal protocol was successful because… what it did stop by limiting what

A

it stopped the ozone hole damages by limiting aersols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the paris agreement?

A

legally binding international treated (UNFCCC) limits GW below 2˚C compared to pre industrial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the global stocktake

A

a chance for countries to see how they are going with the paris agreement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are NDCs

A

nationally determined contributions, form basis for countries to meet PA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

COP27 5 key takeaways:
- dedicated fund for
- maintaining intention of
- holding who accountable?
- financial support for …
- pivot towards

A

-dedicated fund for loss and damage
-maintaining intention to keep within 1.5˚C
- holding business and instituions to account
- financial support for developing countries
- pivot towards implementation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

COP28 focus areas:
- helping …
- fast tracking …
- comprehensive transformation…
- inclusiveness of … voices

A
  • helping most vulnerable communities
  • fast tracking global transition
  • comprehensive transformation of climate finance
  • inclusiveness of the youth and indigenous voices
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many degrees of warming by 2100 with only policies and action only?

A

2.7˚C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how many degrees of warming by 2100 with only 2030 targets

A

2.4˚C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how many degrees of warming by 2100 with only pledges and targets

A

2˚C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how many degrees of warming by 2100 with optimistic scenario

A

1.8˚C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the target gap by 2030 to reach 1.5˚C - GtCO2e??

A

19-22 GtCO2e

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

is the world on track to finance mitigation and adaptation

A

an increase by 4% in 2020 and remains no where near the level sufficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what 3 countries are critically insufficient at providing financial support for CC

A
  • australia
  • russia
  • US
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how much percentage methan is covered by GMP (global methane pledge)

A

56%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how much percentage methane is not covered by GMP

A

44%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

in the US what happened with the paris agreement

A

biden joined the PA and launched national climate task force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Joe biden set goals:
%? reduction in GHG from 2005 levels
create … power sector by 2035
… economy by 2050
provided how much money to green climate fund

A

50-52% reduction in ghgs from 2005 levels, create pollution free power sector by 2035, net zero emissions economy by 2050 and provided $2 billion to green climate fund

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

european union pledged or set goals for:
reduced GHG by 55% by 2030 called the …
2030 targets were reductions by %?? GHG,% ? share for renewable energy and % ? improvement in energy efficiency

A

> fit for 55 - reducing GHG by 55% by 2030.
2030 targets - 40% GHG, 40% share for renewable energy and 32.5% improvement in energy efficiency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

China is the leader of GHG emissions with %?

A

30% global emissions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Is china the leading investor in renewable energy?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are chinas climate targets
- carbon neutral by
- reduce emissions per unit GDP by
- co2 emissions peak when

A

c02 emissions peak at 2030, carbon neutral 2060, reduce emissions per unit GDP by over 65% from 2005 levels by 2030

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

China’s 5 year plan includes:
- %? increase in renewable energy generation
- renewable electricity share %?? with %?? incremental consumption to come from …

A

50% increase in renewable energy generation, renewable electricity share 33% with 40% incremental consumption to come from renewables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Australia aims to
- %? cut below 2005 levels by 2030, and reduction to … by 2050

A

43% cut below 2005 levels by 2030, and reduction to net zero by 2050

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what doesnt australias climate change bill do

A

doesnt include mechanism or funding to cut emissions from electricity, industry, transport, agriculture or other parts of the economy.
the fight over stopping new fossil fuel developments - the greens primary climate policy goal will continute independently of that

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what are the stats for each state (aus) of renewable energy use

A

NSW - 50%
victoria - 50%
queensland - 30%
south australia - at least 50%
western australia - 80% below 2020 levels
ACT - 65

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Australias (RWN) rewiring the nation by investing how much money to rebuild and modernise aus electricity network via RWN

A

investing $20 billion to rebuid and modernise australias electricity network via its RWN plan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

the RWN will upgrade Australia’s energy grid to allow and grow the renewables share of the NEM to
- %? by 2030
- $?? in 400 community batteries
- $?? to deliver ?? solar banks for households

A

82% by 2030, investing $224 million in 400 community batteries and $102 million to deliver 85 solar banks for households

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Australias national electric vehicle strategy encourages …
invests how much money to driving the nation fund

A

encourage rapid increase of EVs by making them accessible and affordable, establish and support the infrastructure of EV use and $500 million to driving the nation fund

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

the NRF (national reconstruction fund) focuses on building australias industrial base with how much money towards clean energy investment

A

up to $3 billion from the $15 billion NRF will be directed toward clean energy investment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are 3 top global primary energy consumption by source

A

Other, renewables and modern biofuels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what type of energy source was introduced in mid 1900’s and 1960s

A

natural gas then hydro power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

has global energy consumption grown? and why?

A

yes because of population growth and affluence with 1-2% pa increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

how much energy consumption in Australia declined %?

A

0.1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what is the average growth of energy consumption in aus %?

A

0.2% pa for 2010-2020

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

how much fossil fuels is accountable for energy mix in aus

A

92%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

how much oil, coal, gas and renewables is used in aus

A

36.5%
27.5%
27%
8.9%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

top three sectors in aus using energy

A

electricity, transport and manufacturing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what are the greatest imports in aus

A

refined products, crude oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what are the greatest exports in aus

A

coal, natural gas and crude oil

46
Q

who are the largest energy consumers in the world

A

the US, China and india

47
Q

what countries are the largest energy consumers per person

A

iceland, norway, canada and the US

48
Q

the richest countries produce largest amount of emissions, largest countries include:

A

China, india and US

49
Q

90% of australia energy comes from what type of source

A

fossil fuels

50
Q

Coal consumption in what country is increasing

A

china

51
Q

how much did coal consumption increase in 2022 %

A

3.3% - 8.3 billion tones

52
Q

what is the dominant source of energy for transport sector

A

oil

53
Q

how much global primary energy came form low carbon sources

A

~16% with over 80% from fossil fuels

54
Q

which countries get their energy from low carbon sources?

A

iceland, canada and brazil

55
Q

what is the energy triangle

A

accessibility, equity and supply

56
Q

how will energy transitions be enabled?
-… and … technology
- … frameworks
- market ….

A

information technology
smart technology
policy frameworks
market instruments

57
Q

what are some mitigation strategies to reduce energy emissions
- transition from
- demand side … and improve …
- reducing non …
- deploying … removal methods to counterbalance …

A

transition from fossil fuels
demand side measures and improving efficiency
reducing non co2 emissions
deploying co2 removal methods to counterbalance residual GHG emissions

58
Q

a net zero emission economy will require specific scenarios such as:
- expanded role for direct
- expansion of
- biomass as
- carbon … and …

A
  • expanded role for direct electricity use
  • expansion of hydrogen
  • biomass used as bioenergy
  • carbon capture and storage
59
Q

what countries are the highest carbon intensity

A

kuwait, iran, russia where largest oil comes from

60
Q

wind energy and solar energy have lower or higher cost than the reference

A

lower cost than the reference

61
Q

photovoltaics and batteries for EV are reducing or rising in cost

A

reducing in cost

62
Q

how much decrease in the unit cost of solar energy, wind energy and lithium ion batteries

A
  • 85%
  • 55%
  • 85%
63
Q

how much increase in deployment for solar and EV

A

10x for solar
100x for EV

64
Q

who is leading in renewables

A

Europe

65
Q

for electricity only how much does fossil input

A

63%

66
Q

what electricity input has largest input (renewables)

A

hydropower

67
Q

which industry is easier to decarbonise

A

transportation compared to industry

68
Q

from the energy transitions comission, industry outputs how much emissions Gt?

A

12 Gt with 40% reduction by shifting economy

69
Q

from the energy transitions comission, transport outputs how much emissions Gt?

A

8 Gt with 250% increase in heavy duty transport volume by 2050

70
Q

what car companies are stopping development in this decade

A

VW and PSA

71
Q

what does mitigation involve for energy transitions

A

reducing flow of heat trapping GHG into atmosphere or enhancing sinks that accumulate and store these gases

72
Q

GHG have risen most importantly, which two gases

A

methane and net c02 from land use has risen

73
Q

what sector is using 35 Gtc02/yr

A

fossil CO2

74
Q

what sector uses 4Gtc02 per year

A

land use change

75
Q

land use change emissions are

A

4.1 +/- 2.6 Gtc02 for 2011-2020 with negative trend

76
Q

total global emission from fossil carbon

A

38 Gtc02 in 2022

77
Q

percentage land use change

A

42% in 1960

78
Q

what is the budget imbalance? (carbon sinks to storage)

A

3%wh

79
Q

what is the largest carbon sink

A

the atmosphere with 18.6 Gtc02

80
Q

what are c02 fluxes on land due to

A

atmospheric inversions

81
Q

what was the land carbon sink between 2011-2020

A

11.2 Gtc02/year

82
Q

what is the land carbon sink in 2020

A

10.7 Gtc02

83
Q

the largest climate effect on sinks is in what climates

A

tropical and semi arid regions

84
Q

the AFOLU sector accounted for what percentage of global anthro GHG emissions

A

13-21% of global anthro GHG emissions 2010-19

85
Q

Are methane emissions increasing or decreasing and due to waht

A

increasing (4.2 +/- 1.3 Gtc02 per year) due to ruminant animals

86
Q

nitrous oxide emissions are increasing by how much, dominated by what sector

A

1.8+/- 1.1 Gtc02 per year , manure from agriculture

87
Q

Protection, improved management and
restoration of forests, wetlands, savannas and grasslands has potential to reduce emissions and/or sequester

A

7.3 GtCO2-eq p.a

88
Q

Improved agricultural practices (soil carbon,
agroforestry, livestock and nutrient
management) has potential to mitigate

A

4.1
GtCO2-eq p.a

89
Q

what is the mitigation potential for land stewardship (PgC02e)

A

23.8 PgC02e per year

90
Q

what sector land use has greatest mitigation potentialt

A

forests

91
Q

what are the agricultural stats for aus
how much does agriculture emit GHG, methane and no2

A

14% of agriculture towards GHG emissions
56% of methane emissions (25x c02 effect)
73% n02 (300x c02 effect)

92
Q

over 30 years organic carbon sequestration may decline by

A

45-133%

93
Q

what is geosequestration

A

carbon capture geologicallyh

94
Q

how much does methane account to GHG emissions worldwide

A

20%

95
Q

cutting methane emissions by ??% prevents ??˚C rise in average global temp

A

50%, 0.3˚C

96
Q

how much solar renewable energy is generated

A

7000 TWh

97
Q

how much hydropower is generated

A

4200 TWh

98
Q

what is the total renewable energy in australia

A

462.4

99
Q

what is the largest Australian electricity generation from renewable sources

A

bioenergy with 70,000 GWh

100
Q

what is Australia’s largest renewable electricity generation

A

wind with 35.9%

101
Q

largest solar power generators of the world

A

china, us and aus

102
Q

solar PV in Aus generated how much of electricity

A

10%

103
Q

is solar PV fastest growing electricity type

A

yes

104
Q

what is Australia’s largest solar power plants

A

coleambally solar farm producing 150 MW

105
Q

what does The Australian RET scheme encourage

A

the renewable electricity generation to reduce GHG emissions

106
Q

Large scale RET =

A

incentivises to invest in renewable energy

107
Q

small scale RET =

A

incentives to install rooftop solar

108
Q

largest wind generators of the world:

A

the US and china

109
Q

installed wind energy capacity is greatest in what country

A

germany

110
Q

how much does wind energy power Aus electricity

A

> 9% generating >16GW capacity

111
Q

largest wind farm in aus

A

Macarthur with 420 MW

112
Q

hydropower in Aus has provided how much electricity

A

5-7%

113
Q

how many hydroelectric power stations are there in aus

A

> 120

114
Q

installed geothermal capacity is greatest in what countries

A

US, NZ and parts of south east asia

115
Q

what 3 countries are largest at biofuel energy production

A

US, Brazil and Germany

116
Q

how many Australian homes have home battery systems

A

> 34,700

117
Q

what is the reduction in cost of electricity in solar PV

A

88%

118
Q
A

2115 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions