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2115 > quiz 3 > Flashcards

quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

greater than ?? live in urban areas worldwide

A

> 50%

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2
Q

T/F projected >70% of human population will live in urban areas by 2050 (+2.5 billion people)

A

true

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3
Q

In australia greater than ?? live in urban areas

A

> 80%

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4
Q

urbanisation is occurring in less developed urban regions

A

more rapidly, compared to rural regions

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5
Q

Asia has how many proportion living in urban areas

A

89%

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6
Q

??,?? and?? are in place to ensure urban resilience

A

governance, financial and social systems

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7
Q

which SDG is aimed at sustainable urbanisation

A

SDG 11

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8
Q

climate impacts are felt unevenly in urban communities who are

A

socioeconomically disadvantaged

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9
Q

T/F from 1983 to 2016 india and asia had highest heat exposure

A

true

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10
Q

50-75% of human population could be exposed to

A

periods of life threatening conditions from extreme heat and humidity

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11
Q

cities in ?? latitudes will experience ?? effects in urban areas compared to rural

A

mid latitudes, double the effects

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12
Q

higher impacts of heat risks in

A

global south and coastal cities due to the urban heat island effect

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13
Q

the sendai framework outlines 7 global targets to be achieved by 2030. the substantial reductions include:

A

reduce global disaster mortality, number of affected people globally, direct economic loss in relation to GDP and disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services

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14
Q

the sendai framework outlines 7 global targets to be achieved by 2030. the substantial increases include:

A

increase the number of countries with national and local disaster risk reductions strategies, enhance international cooperation to developing of countries and increase the availability of and access to multi hazard early warning systems

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15
Q

heat risks have implications that effect

A

labour productivity (lower), higher levels of mortality with young children and elderly more vulnerable.

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16
Q

Western Sydney will experience 46 days per year over 35˚C by 2090 (T/F)

A

True

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17
Q

Management of heat risks through

A

greening, increasing shade, education and awareness

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18
Q

Grass cover has greater heat reductions than tree canopy cover (T/F)

A

false, vegetation cover lowers land surface by 6˚C

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19
Q

Flooding in european cities could increase by 10% for every ?? % increase in ?? surfaces

A

every 1% increase in impervious surfaces will increase flooding by 10%

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20
Q

Aus cities will have ?? x increase in coastal flooding due to ?? m SLR

A

100x increase with 0.5m SLR

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21
Q

the black summer fires resulted in

A

34 lives lost, >2700 homes affected, $4.5 billion economic loss and insurance >$1.9 billion.

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22
Q

over ?? deaths resulted from bushfire smoke

A

400 deaths

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23
Q

??/3 of cities worldwide may exhaust their ??? by 2050

A

1/3 cities worldwide exhaust water resources

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24
Q

how many people will be exposed to water scarcity under 1.5˚C warming

A

350 million more people

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25
Q

how many people will be exposed to water scarcity under 2˚C warming

A

410.7 million people

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26
Q

developed, industrialised countries have produced the majority ??

A

GHG emissions and have highest per capita emissions

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27
Q

per capita emissions:
Saudia Arabia =
US =
Canada =
Aus =

A

17.6
17.6
15.7
14.9

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28
Q

human vulnerability is influenced by

A

adaptive capacity of physical (built) structures, social processes and institutional structures

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29
Q

T/F existing vulnerabilities and inequalities intensify with adverse impacts of climate change

A

True

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30
Q

how many times increase is the observed average mortality from floods, droughts and storms?

A

15 x

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31
Q

Where are the most vulnerable countries/regions?

A

East, Central and West Africa
South Asia
Micronesia and Melansia
Central America

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32
Q

How many people live in countries classified as vulnerable?

A

3.3 billion people

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33
Q

How many people live in countries classified as low vulnerability?

A

1.8 billion people

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34
Q

How many people live in low and lower middle income countries?

A

3.6 billion people

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35
Q

Regions exposed to what risk? are countries that rely on agriculture, natural resource extraction and outdoor workers

A

Heat

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36
Q

What impacts affect poor people

A
  • reduction in agricultural yield
  • human health
  • food security
  • destruction of homes
  • loss of income
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37
Q

Some factors that affect ability to cope with climate related disasters include:

A

income, gender, race, class, political representation and mobility

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38
Q

livelihoods of the poor are more at risk by processes such as:

A

urbanisation, industrialisation, technological transformation, monetisation of rural economies, increasing reliance on wages and inequality at national and international levels.

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39
Q

Hurricane Maria worst recorded disaster in history causing an economic loss of

A

25-43 billion USD and 200,000 people migrating from Puerto Rico

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40
Q

by 2018 how many disasters have caused displacement?

A

1518 disasters

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41
Q

Where are the most refuges and camps for displacement in the world?

A

Central and West Africa

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42
Q

by 2050, more than ?? million people could be forced to migrate within their countries

A

140 million

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43
Q

How many people displaced by 2050 in Latin America, Sub Saharan and South Asia?

A

17 million
86 million
40 million

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44
Q

There isn’t enough food produced to feed everyone? T/F

A

False, although there are 800 million people that go hungry

45
Q

an increase of human hunger from 135 million (2019) to ?? (2022)

A

345 million

46
Q

what percentage of population is at risk in Sub Saharan, South Asia and SE Asia.

A

80%

47
Q

What are the 4 dimensions of food security?

A

Physical availability, economic and physical access, food utilisation and stability

48
Q

Food needs to be

A

high quality, affordable and distributed reliably and fairly

49
Q

Food systems are responsible for ?? of GHG emissions with ?? and ?? greatest impacts

A

1/3 of world GHG with methane and biodiversity loss impacts

50
Q

Across SSP 1,2 and 3 crop and economic models projected a ?? increase in cereal price by 2050 because CC = higher prices

A

1-29%

51
Q

low income consumers at most risk from food security. an increase of ???? million at risk of hunger

A

1-183 million people

52
Q

Wheat will decrease where?

A

Central America and Africa

53
Q

increased c02 will be beneficial for crop productivity and better nutritional value. T/F

A

False, it will make nutritional value worse

54
Q

Wheat grown at 546-846 ppm C02 has how much less protein, zinc and iron?

A

5.9-12.7% less protein
3.7-6.5% less zinc
5.2-7.5% less iron

55
Q

How many people will be affected by protein and zinc deficiency by 2050?

A

protein = 122 million
zinc = 175 million

56
Q

What kind of practices can be used to advance adaptation of water scarcity?

A

Efficient use
less thirsty crops
improve soil health

57
Q

what percentage of food loss and waste?

A

25-30%

58
Q

during 2010-2016 global food loss and waste equalled?

A

8-10% of total anthropogenic GHG emissions and cost about 1 trillion USD in 2012

59
Q

?? of food never reaches human stomach

A

30-50%

60
Q

Australians waste how much food?

A

20%

61
Q

Food security in Australia means

A

dairy farmers need to relocate to cooler temps, reduction in grain production, sugarcane production influenced by SLR and tropical adapted grass are more prevalent in Northern Australia due to higher temps.

62
Q

An overall reduction of agriculture in Australia by ??%

A

17%

63
Q

a 9-10% decline by 2030 and ??-??% by 2050 of wheat, beef, dairy, sugar.

A

13-19%

64
Q

??% drop in irrigated agriculture by ?? in MDB dye to reduced runoff; at 550 ppm 20% and 450ppm 6%

A

92% drop

65
Q

cropping zones in australia are

A

moving closer to coast

66
Q

Crop yields in Aus will decline where?

A

SW.WA, SA, VIC and S NSW

67
Q

reduced rainfall will affect ?? growing regions and headwaters of Murrumbidgee

A

Core rice

68
Q

the MDB uses how much water and supports how many people

A

70% and 2 million people

69
Q

MDB produces a 1/3 of ?? and 40% of ?? production

A

domestic food supply and agricultural production

70
Q

the millenium drought was the

A

lowest water levels in MDB ever recorded

71
Q

after millenium drought, what persisted for 2 years

A

increased acidification

72
Q

Irrigated rice, cotton and wheat declined?

A

99%, 86% and 12%

73
Q

the greater the hazard and vulnerability

A

the greater the impact

74
Q

Exposure to heatwaves are increasing last decade with ?? and ?? affected most

A

China (older populations) and India (younger populations)

75
Q

vulnerability wont be the same for different countries around the world due to the

A

differing aged populations

76
Q

indirect impacts are

A

mediated through natural systems, allergens, diseases and increased water/air pollution

77
Q

Malaria causes 220 million cases per year with

A

greater temps and precipitation

78
Q

dengue causes ?? per year

A

50 million cases

79
Q

humidity can cause diseases to

A

increase or decrease

80
Q

what region has highest malaria cases?

A

Africa

81
Q

Northern Australia has increasing or decreasing malaria

A

decreasing

82
Q

> 10% of global GDP is accounted to what sector?

A

tourism

83
Q

tourism provides 1 in ?? jobs

A

1 in 10

84
Q

is tourism the largest movement of people and reliance on energy intensive modes of transport

A

yes

85
Q

how much does tourism contribute to global emissions?

A

8%

86
Q

how much tourism global emissions is predicted by 2030

A

16% (double)

87
Q

world travel and toursim council have signed the UN climate natural now initiative which aims to reduce tourism impacts by

A

2050

88
Q

Long haul flights contribute how much C02 per person

A

1489 - 1754 kg

89
Q

Cruises contribute how much C02 per person

A

1100 - 1600 kg

90
Q

Tourism in australia contributes ??% GDP

A

3.4%

91
Q

Tourism in aus is the ?? most valuable exported contributing

A

2nd most valuable, >$60 billion to economy.

92
Q

how much workforce is employed in tourism sector

A

5.2%

93
Q

the GBR is worth ?? and provides

A

~$6 billion and provides 60-70,000 jobs

94
Q

US winter sports community generates $62 billion annually and supports how many jobs

A

965,000 jobs

95
Q

lower snowfall per year results in estimated how many less visits

A

15.2 million less skiers and $1.07 billion in lost potential revenue

96
Q

Northern hemisphere has lost

A

> 1 million square km of spring snowpack since 1970

97
Q

in aus, snow industry contributes how much money and jobs

A

> $2 billion pa and provides >20,000 jobs

98
Q

CC shrinking snow season in aus by how many dats

A

80 days per year by 2050 and decrease depth by 80cm

99
Q

annual carbon footprint for tourism increased ?? to ??

A

3.9 to 4.5 Gt C02

100
Q

??% of aviation emissions are from air space

A

60%

101
Q

What does reinsurance create?

A

economic stability, reducing volatility loses.

102
Q

first insurance contract was in

A

1842 for a fire

103
Q

the two largest insurers are

A

swiss re and munich re

104
Q

What countries recorded costliest insurance industry events

A

germany, belgium, austria, luxemberg and china

105
Q

c02 levels are at

A

410 ppm about 40% more than maximum experienced in last 800,000 years

106
Q

australia is warming on average since 1900

A

~1.4˚C

107
Q

a 1 in 50 year heatwave will occur roughyl every 6 years, 3-4 years and every year at

A

1.5˚, 2˚ and 4˚C

108
Q

a 1 in 10 year daily rainfall event will be

A

10% heavier at 1.5˚C
14% heavier at 2˚C
30% at 4˚C

109
Q
A

2115 (10 decks)

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