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2115 > GEOLOGY > Flashcards

GEOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

what cleavage or fracture does quartz have?

A

no cleavage, conchoidal fracture (shell like)

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2
Q

what does quartz metamorphise into?

A

quartzite (non foliated)

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3
Q

will a nail scratch quartz, whats the hardness?

A

no hardness of 7

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4
Q

what types of rock is quartz found in

A

felsic to intermediate
most metamorphic rocks

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5
Q

what is regional metamorphism

A

associated with mountain building (orogenesis) and is widespread

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6
Q

what fracture does garnet have

A

conchoidal

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7
Q

what cleavage do micas have

A

1 perfect cleavage

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8
Q

what igneous rocks have micas

A

felsic such as diorite, granite, rhyolite and andesite

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9
Q

what cleavage does Kfs have

A

3 perfect cleavages at 120˚

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10
Q

what twinning is Kfs

A

simple

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11
Q

what colour is kfs

A

pinkish

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12
Q

where igneous rocks have Kfs

A

felsic

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13
Q

what cleavage does plagioclase have

A

2 perfect at 90˚

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14
Q

what twinning does plagioclase have

A

multiple twinning

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15
Q

what colour is plagioclase usually found

A

white

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16
Q

what igneous rocks have plagioclase

A

basically all of them

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17
Q

what colour and shape is ampibole

A

dark coloured with long bladed crystals

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18
Q

what cleavage does amphibole have

A

120/60˚

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19
Q

what igneous rocks have amphibole

A

felsic to mafic

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20
Q

what cleavage does pyroxene have

A

two perfect 90˚

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21
Q

what colour is pyroxene

A

dark coloured green

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22
Q

what shape is pyroxene

A

stubby prismatic boxy

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23
Q

what colour is olivine

A

lighter green

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24
Q

what cleavage or fracture does olivine have

A

conchoidal fracture

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25
Q

what shape does olivine have

A

tabular shaped

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26
Q

what igneous rocks have olivine

A

mafic to ultramafic rocks such as basalt, peridotite.

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27
Q

what minerals are found in granite

A

pink = feldspar
white = plagioclase
translucent = quartz
black = muscovite

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28
Q

where is granite found

A

continental crust, convergent boundaries or tectonic activity that makes mountains

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29
Q

what texture does granite have

A

phaneritic

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30
Q

is granite plutonic or volcanic

A

plutonic (coarse grained - cooled slowly)

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31
Q

what minerals are found in rhyolite

A

quartz, plagioclase, Kfs and micas

32
Q

what is the silica content of granite and rhyolite

A

> 60%

33
Q

is rhyolite plutonic or volcanic

A

volcanic (fine grained - cools rapidly)

34
Q

what minerals are present in diorite

A

white tabular = plagioclase
black elongate = amphibole
glassy = quartz

35
Q

what is the texture and grain size of diorite

A

phaneritic and coarse

36
Q

what minerals are present in andesite

A

amphiboles, plagioclase, quartz and micas

37
Q

what is the texture and colour of andesite

A

darker coloured aphanitic

38
Q

what minerals are present in gabbro

A

plagioclase, pyroxenes, amphiboles

39
Q

what texture and grain size is gabbro

A

coarse grain phaneritic

40
Q

what minerals are present in basalt

A

olivine, plagioclase phenocrysts, amphiboles, pyroxenes

41
Q

what texture and colour is basalt

A

dark coloured, fine grained aphanitic or porphyritic if it has phenocrysts

42
Q

what minerals are in peridotite

A

olivine, pyroxene

43
Q

what texture is peridotite

A

phaneritic, coarse grained

44
Q

what are distinguishing features of garnet

A

conchoidal fracture, bright red and found in many high grade metamorphic rocks

45
Q

what are features of andalusite

A

organgish, elongated prisms, in low grade metamorphism

46
Q

what are features of kyanite

A

associated with regional metamorphism, bladed prisms, blue colour

47
Q

what are features of sillimanite

A

colourless to white, bladed prisms, associated with regional metamorphism

48
Q

what are the two calcareous metamorphic minerals

A

epidote and wollanstonite

49
Q

what are features of epidote

A

green and rocks that are hydrothermally metamorphosed

50
Q

wollastonite features:

A

two perfect cleavages and associated with contact metamorphism. formation by quartz and calcite
calcium silicate hornfels

51
Q

what are the 3 aluminosilicates in order of least to greatest

A

andalusite, kyanite and sillimanite

52
Q

what are the phylosilicate metamorphic minerals

A

serpentine and talc

53
Q

distinguishing features of chlorite

A

greenish colour, associated with low grade metamorphism

54
Q

what are the minerals of slate

A

muscovite
Kfs
quartz
chlorite

55
Q

what are the 4 foliated rocks

A

slate, phyllite, schist and gneiss

56
Q

what are the features of slate

A

slaty cleavage, very fine grained, minerals so fine unable to see

57
Q

what are the features of phyllite

A

garnet bearing, muscovite that has been foliated, sheen on slaty cleavage, fine grained, low grade regional metamorphism

58
Q

what are the features of schist

A

fine to medium grained, schistosity, with micas, wavy shiny texture,

59
Q

what is the protolith to phyllite

A

siltstone, mudstone or shale

60
Q

what minerals are present in schist

A

micas, chlorites, quartz and garnets

61
Q

what does shale turn into if its subject to low grade contact metamorphism

A

hornfels

62
Q

what are the features of gneiss

A

garnet, sillimanites, pyroxene, gneiss banding

63
Q

protoliths to gneiss

A

shale or granite under regional high grade metamorphism

64
Q

what are the features of sillimanite gneiss

A

dominantly sillimanite, serpentine, rich in aluminium with bladed crystal banding

65
Q

kyanite schist features

A

blue white elongated crystals: kyanite

black platy with perfect cleavage: biotite

regional high grade metamorphism

66
Q

features of granitic gneiss

A

gneissic banding with quartz, micas, Kfs and plagioclase

67
Q

what are the features of serpentine group

A

fibrous, green coloured

68
Q

sillimanite gneiss minerals:

A

sillimanite, quartz, biotite, feldspars and garnet

69
Q

features of andalusite hornfels

A

andalusite, biotite, coarse grained. protolith is mudstone

70
Q

can molybdenite be found in placer deposits with gold and or cassiterite

A

no because moly is relatively easy to weather and erode, lower specific gravity compared to the other two.

71
Q

features of galena

A

cubic, heavy, perfect 3 cleavages and bright metallic lustre

72
Q

features of pyrite

A

brass yellow colour, fools gold

73
Q

Chalcopyrite features

A

multi coloured usually brass yellow colour, brittle fracture

74
Q

sphalerite features

A

range of colours but usually transparent, fractures are uneven

75
Q

features of molybdenite

A

bluish - silver platy mineral habit

2115 (10 decks)

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