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2115 > envs3120 quiz 1 > Flashcards

envs3120 quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how many deaths in the London 1952 event

A

4000 people

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2
Q

Describe the troposphere

A

holds 80% mass
10-15km depending on latitude and time of year
pressure and temp decreases with height

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3
Q

what is the tropopause

A

the exchange between layers

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4
Q

how many estimated people die every year by air pollution

A

7 million people

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5
Q

what is the spectral distribution of short wave radiation

A

0.15 - 3 um

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6
Q

what is the spectral distribution of long wave radiation

A

3 - 100 um

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7
Q

energy exists in what 4 forms

A

radiant, thermal, kinetic and potential

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8
Q

how is energy exchanegd

A

conduction, convection and radiation

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9
Q

what are air pollutants

A

substances in atmosphere with sufficient concentration that can harm health

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10
Q

what are the priority pollutants

A

S02 (Sulphur dioxide), NOx (Nitrous oxide), CO (carbon monoxide), Pb (lead) , smog, PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter)

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11
Q

what are the air toxics

A

metals, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), asbestos

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12
Q

what are emissions

A

chemical processes that release during fuel combustion, or release of leakage.w

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13
Q

what is combustion

A

chemical reactions between hydrocarbon and atmospheric oxygen which produces heat and light.
inadequate supply of oxygen = monoxide
high temps in combustion = nitrous oxide

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14
Q

what is carbon monoxide (CO)

A

produced by bushfires and oxidation in the oceans and air of methane. cars produce the most and remains in atmosphere for 1-2 months

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15
Q

what is sulphur dioxide (S02)

A

emitted from sulphur producing fuels such as diesel, coal and fuel oil. contributes to the PM and hangs around for a long time

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16
Q

what are the oxides of nitrogen

A

nitric oxide (NO)
nitrous oxide (N2O)
nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

17
Q

what does nitrogen oxide contribute to

A

photochemical smog

18
Q

what is photochemical smog

A

nitrogen oxides and VOCs combine with sunlight to make hazardous pollution

19
Q

what are biogenic emissions

A

vege emits VOCs such as isoprenes and monoterprenes and contributes to ozone formation

20
Q

what are fugitive and evaporative emissions

A

unintended escape of gases from pressurised containers

21
Q

what is ozone

A

a gas secondary pollutant (made in the atmosphere - specifically stratosphere) formed by chemical reactions

22
Q

what is dry adiabatic lapse rate

A

when unsaturated air cools at 9.8˚C/km as it rises. It will rise and then form clouds

23
Q

what is wet adiabatic lapse rate

A

cools at a slower rate of 5˚C/km

24
Q

what is a neutral lapse rate

A

air cooling at -9.8˚C/km

25
Q

what is a stable lapse rate

A

air cooling at a slower rate than -9.8˚C/km (like 2˚C or -9.2˚C)

26
Q

what is an unstable lapse rate

A

air cooling at faster rate than -9.8˚C

27
Q

what is temperature inversion

A

air temperature increases with height causing trapped cool air (subsidence inversion)

28
Q

when the lapse rate unstable

A

during the day with heat gain at the ground from incoming SWR

29
Q

when is the lapse rate stable

A

at night when heat is loss through LWR

30
Q

what is subsidence inversion

A

cool air compresses and dries out and warms up and traps cool air over night. can happen when a large area with high pressure (anticyclones)

31
Q

what is frontal inversion

A

when a cold front comes through and undercuts warm air creating clouds

32
Q

what is advection inversion

A

where warm air travels from inland across the mountain range leaving cool air in the valleys

33
Q

what is anabatic flow

A

warm air in a valley travels upslope from pressure differences causing upwind

34
Q

what is katabatic flow

A

cool air sinks down the hillslope into the valley caused by a high pressure over the mountains.

35
Q

what is the formation of nitric oxide

A

N2 + O2 = 2NO
nitrogen + oxygen = nitric oxide

36
Q

what is the oxidation of NO to NO2
nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide

A

2NO + O2 = 2NO2
2 Nitric oxide + oxygen = 2 nitrogen dioxide

37
Q

what is the formation of free oxygen radical

A

NO2 + Hv = NO + O
Nitrogen dioxide + constant = nitric oxide and radical oxygen

38
Q

what is the formation of ozone

A

free radical oxygen + oxygen = ozone

39
Q

what is the process of tropospheric ozone formation

A

Nitric oxide formation mixes with oxygen to make nitrogen dioxide. nitrogen dioxide mixes with Hv (energy of photon) to make nitric oxide and free radical oxygen. free radical oxygen mixes with oxygen to create ozone.

2115 (10 decks)

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