Quiz 4 Flashcards
What is cultural relativism?
The idea is that the cultural norms and values of a society can only be understood on their own terms in their context.
What is etiology?
The causal description of all of the factors that contribute to the development of a disorder or illness.
What is supernatural
Developing from origins beyond the visible observable universe.
What is somatogenesis?
Develop from physical/bodily origins
What is psychogenic?
Developed from psychological origins.
What is maladaptive?
A term referring to behaviors that cause people who have them, prevent them from functioning daily life and/or indicate that they have lost touch with reality.
What is trephination?
The drilling of a hole in the skull is presumable as a way of treating psychological disorders.
What is hysteria?
A term used by ancient Greeks and Egyptians to describe a disorder that was thought to be caused by a woman’s wondering uterus.
What is humorism?
A belief held by ancient Roman and Greek physicians that health is based on the balance of the 4 bodily fluids (Blood, Black bile, yellow bile and phlegm)
What is animalism?
The belief that everyone ad everything had a “soul” and treat mental illness based on an animalistic cause, ex. evil spirits.
What are asylums?
Places used to confine and treat mentally ill patients, forerunners for mental hospitals and facilities.
What is treatment moral?
A therapeutic regimen of nutrition, living conditions, and rewards to productive behavior.
What is mesmerism?
Derived from Franz Anton Mesmer in the lord’s 18th century and an early version of hypnotism.
What is the cathartic method?
A therapeutic procedure introduced by Bever and developed further by Freud in the late 19th century a patient gains insight and emotional relief from recalling past trauma.
What is the Biopsychosocial Model?
model, where the interaction of biological an psychological and sociocultural factors are seen as influencing, development of an individual.
What is a syndrome?
Involving a particular group’s signs and symptoms.
What is anxiety?
A mood state is categorized by negative affect muscle tension and physical arousal to prevent future danger.
What is biological vulnerability?
A specific genetic and neurobiological factor that might predispose someone to develop a disorder.
What are Psychological vulnerabilities?
Influences that our early experiences have on how we view the world.
What are specific vulnerabilities?
How our experiences lead us to focus and channel our anxiety.
What is Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
Excessive worry about everyday things is at a level that is out of proportion to the specific causes of worry.
What are reinforced responses?
the process of operated conditioning, the strengthing of a response following either the desired consequence or escape from an aversive consequence.
What is panic disorder (PD)?
A condition marked by regular strong panic attacks includes significant worry of future attacks.
What are internal bodily or somatic cues?
Physical sensations that serve as triggers for anxiety or as reminders of past traumatic experiences.
What is interoceptive acceptance?
Avoidance of situations or activities that produce sensations of physical arousal similar to those occurring during a panic attack or intense fear.
What are external cues?
Stimuli in the cut size world serve as triggers for anxiety or reminders of past traumatic experiences.
What is agoraphobia?
A sort of anxiety disorder distinguished by feelings that a place is uncomfortable or maybe unsafe because it is open and crowded.
What is social anxiety disorder (SAD)?
A condition marked by an acute fear of social situations which limit day-to-day functions.
What is SAD performance only?
Social anxiety disorder which limited to certain situations that the sufferer perceives as requiring some type of performance.
What is a Conditioned response?
A learned reaction following classical conditioning or the process by which an event that automatically elicits a response is repeatedly paired with a neutral stimulus.
What is PTSD?
A sense of intense fear, triggered memories of a past traumatic event, that another traumatic event might occur.
What is a flashback?
Sudden intense re-experience of a previous event is usually trauma-related.
What is OCD?
A disorder characterized by the desire to engage in certain behavior excessively or compulsively in hopes of reducing anxiety.
What is thought-action fusion?
The tendency to overestimate the reaction between a thought and an action such as one taken believes the “bad” thought is a “bad” action.
What is anhedonia?
Loss of interest or pleasure in activities one previously found enjoyable or rewarding.
What is hypersomnia?
Excessive daytime sleepiness. Difficulty staying awake during the day.
What is psychomotor agitation?
Increased motor activities associated with restlessness, including physical activities (tapping, pacing, etc.)
What is psychomotor retardation?
A slowing of activities routine activities is performed in an unusually slow manner.
What is suicidal ideation?
Recurring thoughts about suicide.
What is grandiosity?
Inflated self-esteem or an exaggerated sense of self-importance and self-worth (belief one has special powers)
What is the socioeconomic status (SES)?
A person’s economic and social position based on income education and occupation.
What is early adversity?
Single or multiple acute or chronic stressful events which may be biological or psychological in nature, during childhood result in biological and psychological stress response.
What is chronic stress?
Discrete or related problematic events and result in prolonged activation of the biological or psychological stress response.
What are attribution styles?
The tendency by which a person infers the chase of behaviors or events.
What is a Social zeitgeber?
Zeitgeber is German for “time giver.” Social zeitgebers are environmental cues, such as meal times and interactions with other people, that entrain biological rhythms and thus sleep-wake cycle regularity.
What is catatonia?
Behaviors that reflect a reduction in response to the external environment.
What is anhedonia/motivation?
A reduction in drive or ability to take steps or engage in actions nessicary to obtain the potentially positive outcome.
What delusions?
False beliefs are often fixed, hard to change into the presence of conflict information and often culturally influenced in the context.
What are hallucinations?
Perceptual experiences that even when there is no stimulus in the outside world generating the experiences.
What is disorganized speech?
Speech is difficult to follow, either because answers do not clearly follow questions or because and sentence does not logically follow from another.
What are disorganized behaviors?
Behavior or dress that is outside the norm for almost all subcultures. This would include odd dress, odd makeup (e.g., lipstick outlining a mouth for 1 inch), or unusual rituals (e.g., repetitive hand gestures).
What is the flat affect?
A reduction in the display of emotions through facial expressions, gestures, and speech intonation.
What is alogia?
A reduction in the amount of speech and/or increased pausing before the initiation of speech.
What are diagnostic criteria?
The criteria are used to determine what time psychogeriatric disorder is. Commonly used diagnostic criteria are included.
What is functional capacity?
The abilities to engage in self-care work, attend and or engage in social-relational.
What is Episodic memory?
The ability to engage to retrieve new information or episodes in one’s life.
What is working memory?
The ability to maintain information over a short period of such as 30 seconds or less.
What is processing speed?
The speed with which individuals can perceive auditory or visual information and information and respond to it.
