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Psych > Midterm 3 > Flashcards

Midterm 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is intrapersonal?

A

The refers to what occurs within one‘S self. Emotion that occur physically inside their bodies and psychologically in their minds.

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2
Q

What is interpersonal?

A

This refers to the interaction between to or more people in a group. The effects on ones emotions to others.

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3
Q

What is social and cultural?

A

Society refers to the system of relationships between individuals.

Culture refers to meaning and info afforded to the system that is transmitted across generation.

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4
Q

What is social referencing?

A

This refers to the process where individuals look for info from others to clarify a situation.

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5
Q

What is cultural display rules?

A

These are the rules that are learned early in life that specify the management and modification of emotional expression.

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6
Q

What is emotion?

A

An experiential, psychological and behavioural response to a personally meaningful stimulus.

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7
Q

What is well being?

A

The experience of mental and physical health and the absence of a disorder.

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8
Q

What is emotional fluctuations?

A

The degree to which emotions vary or change in intensity over time.

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9
Q

What is Emotional coherence?

A

The degree which emotional responses (subject, experience, behaviour) converge with one another.

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10
Q

What is social psychology?

A

A branch of psych that deals with the presence of others and how it affects our thoughts and behaviors.

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11
Q

What is the need to belong?

A

A strong natural impulse in humans to form social connections and to be accepted by others

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12
Q

What are levels of analysis/

A

Complementary views for analyzing and understanding phenomena.

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13
Q

What is observational learning?

A

Learning from observing others

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14
Q

What is blind to the research hypothesis?

A

When participants are not aware of what is being studied.

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15
Q

What are attitudes?

A

Opinions, feelings about a person concept or group.

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16
Q

What is stereotyping?

A

A mental process of using information shortcuts about a group to navigate social situations.

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17
Q

What is prejudice?

A

An evaluation or emotion toward people is based merely on their group membership.

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18
Q

What is discrimination?

A

Behavior that advantages or disadvantages people based on their group membership.

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19
Q

What are stigmatized groups?

A

A group that suffers from social disapproval based on some characteristic that sets them apart from the majority.

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20
Q

What is a culture of honor?

A

A culture in which personal or family reputation is especially important.

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21
Q

What is a research confederate?

A

A person working with a researcher posing as a research participant or bystander.

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22
Q

What is social influence?

A

When a person causes a change in attitude or behavior in another person, either intentionally or not.

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23
Q

What is conformity?

A

Changing one’s attitude to meet a perceived social norm.

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24
Q

What is obedience?

A

Responding to an order from a person in a position of authority.

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25
Q

What is reciprocity?

A

In the act of exchanging goods or services, people feel obliged to give back.

26
Q

What is social cognition?

A

The way people process and apply information about others.

27
Q

What is social attribution?

A

The way a person explains the motives or behaviors of others.

28
Q

What is a fundamental attribution error?

A

The emphasis on another person’s personality traits when describing that person’s motives and overlooking the influence of situational factors.

29
Q

What is a schema?

A

A mental model that argues the importance of important information about a thing, person, or event.

30
Q

What is heuristics?

A

A mental shortcut or role of thought that reduces complex mental problems to more rule-based decisions.

31
Q

What are representative heuristics?

A

A heuristic in which the likelihood of an object belonging to a category is evaluated based on the extent to which the object appears similar to one mental representation.

32
Q

What is the availability heuristic?

A

A heuristic in which the frequency or likelihood of an event is evaluated based on how easily instances of it come to mind.

33
Q

What is planning fallacy?

A

A cognitive bias in which one underestimates how long a task will take.

34
Q

What is affective forecasting?

A

Predicting how one will feel in the future after some event or decision.

35
Q

What is impact bias?

A

A bias in affective forecasting in which one overestimates the strength or intensity of emotion.

36
Q

What is durability bias?

A

A bias in affective forecasting in which one overestimates how long one will feel emotion.

37
Q

What is hot cognition?

A

Mental processes are influenced by feelings of desire.

38
Q

What are directional goals?

A

The motivation to reach a particular outcome or judgment.

39
Q

What is motivaste skeptisim?

A

A form of bias that can result in which one is skeptical of evidence despite its strength; it goes against what one believes.

40
Q

What is a need for closure?

A

The desire to come to a decision that will resolve ambiguity and conclude an issue.

41
Q

What is mood-congruent memory?

A

The tendency to recall memories that have a mood similar to your current mood.

42
Q

What is automatic?

A

Behavior that is unintentional and uncontrollable.

43
Q

What is the Chamelion effect?

A

The tendency for individuals to non-consciously mimic the postures, mannerisms, and facial expressions of interactional partners.

44
Q

What is primed?

A

A process by which a concept or behavior is made more cognitive accessive or likely to occur through the presentation of an associated concept.

45
Q

What is an explicit attitude?

A

An attitude that is consciously felt and can be reported on by a person holding that attitude.

46
Q

What is implicit attitude?

A

An attitude that a person cannot verbally state.

47
Q

An implicit measure of attitudes?

A

Measure in which researchers infer the participant’s attitudes rather than having the participant report it.

48
Q

What is implicate association test?

A

An implicate attitude task that assesses a person’s automatic association between concepts by measuring the response time in paring the concepts.

49
Q

What is evaluating priming task?

A

An implicit attitude task assesses the extent to which an attitude object is associated with a positive or negative valence by measuring a person’s label of good or bad.

50
Q

What is normative influence?

A

Conformity that results from a concern for what other people think of us.

51
Q

What is informational influence?

A

Conformity that results from a concern to act to a socially approved manner as determined by how others act.

52
Q

What are descriptive norms?

A

The perception of what most people do in a given situation.

53
Q

What are blatant biases?

A

Conscious believes, feelings, or behaviors that people are perfectly willing to admit are mostly hostile and often favor one’s, own group.

54
Q

What is Social dominance orientation (SDO)?

A

Describes a belief that group hierarchies are inevitable in all societies and are even good, to maintain stability.

55
Q

What is right-wing authoritarianism?

A

RWA focuses on the values conflicts but endorses respect for obedience and authority in the service group conformity.

56
Q

What are subtle biases?

A

Subtle biases are automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent, but real in their consequences.

57
Q

What are automatic biases?

A

Are unintended, immediate ab irresistible?

58
Q

What is implicate association test (IAT)?

A

measures relatively automatic biases that favor own group relative to other groups.

59
Q

What is social identity theory?

A

notes that people categorize each other into groups favoring their own group.

60
Q

What is a self-categorization theory?

A

develops social identity theory’s point that people categorize themselves along with each other into groups favoring their own group.

61
Q

What is the stereotype content model?

A

This shows that social groups are viewed according to their perceived warmth and competence.

Psych (6 decks)

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