Midterm 3 Flashcards
What is intrapersonal?
The refers to what occurs within one‘S self. Emotion that occur physically inside their bodies and psychologically in their minds.
What is interpersonal?
This refers to the interaction between to or more people in a group. The effects on ones emotions to others.
What is social and cultural?
Society refers to the system of relationships between individuals.
Culture refers to meaning and info afforded to the system that is transmitted across generation.
What is social referencing?
This refers to the process where individuals look for info from others to clarify a situation.
What is cultural display rules?
These are the rules that are learned early in life that specify the management and modification of emotional expression.
What is emotion?
An experiential, psychological and behavioural response to a personally meaningful stimulus.
What is well being?
The experience of mental and physical health and the absence of a disorder.
What is emotional fluctuations?
The degree to which emotions vary or change in intensity over time.
What is Emotional coherence?
The degree which emotional responses (subject, experience, behaviour) converge with one another.
What is social psychology?
A branch of psych that deals with the presence of others and how it affects our thoughts and behaviors.
What is the need to belong?
A strong natural impulse in humans to form social connections and to be accepted by others
What are levels of analysis/
Complementary views for analyzing and understanding phenomena.
What is observational learning?
Learning from observing others
What is blind to the research hypothesis?
When participants are not aware of what is being studied.
What are attitudes?
Opinions, feelings about a person concept or group.
What is stereotyping?
A mental process of using information shortcuts about a group to navigate social situations.
What is prejudice?
An evaluation or emotion toward people is based merely on their group membership.
What is discrimination?
Behavior that advantages or disadvantages people based on their group membership.
What are stigmatized groups?
A group that suffers from social disapproval based on some characteristic that sets them apart from the majority.
What is a culture of honor?
A culture in which personal or family reputation is especially important.
What is a research confederate?
A person working with a researcher posing as a research participant or bystander.
What is social influence?
When a person causes a change in attitude or behavior in another person, either intentionally or not.
What is conformity?
Changing one’s attitude to meet a perceived social norm.
What is obedience?
Responding to an order from a person in a position of authority.
What is reciprocity?
In the act of exchanging goods or services, people feel obliged to give back.
What is social cognition?
The way people process and apply information about others.
What is social attribution?
The way a person explains the motives or behaviors of others.
What is a fundamental attribution error?
The emphasis on another person’s personality traits when describing that person’s motives and overlooking the influence of situational factors.
What is a schema?
A mental model that argues the importance of important information about a thing, person, or event.
What is heuristics?
A mental shortcut or role of thought that reduces complex mental problems to more rule-based decisions.
What are representative heuristics?
A heuristic in which the likelihood of an object belonging to a category is evaluated based on the extent to which the object appears similar to one mental representation.
What is the availability heuristic?
A heuristic in which the frequency or likelihood of an event is evaluated based on how easily instances of it come to mind.
What is planning fallacy?
A cognitive bias in which one underestimates how long a task will take.
What is affective forecasting?
Predicting how one will feel in the future after some event or decision.
What is impact bias?
A bias in affective forecasting in which one overestimates the strength or intensity of emotion.
What is durability bias?
A bias in affective forecasting in which one overestimates how long one will feel emotion.
What is hot cognition?
Mental processes are influenced by feelings of desire.
What are directional goals?
The motivation to reach a particular outcome or judgment.
What is motivaste skeptisim?
A form of bias that can result in which one is skeptical of evidence despite its strength; it goes against what one believes.
What is a need for closure?
The desire to come to a decision that will resolve ambiguity and conclude an issue.
What is mood-congruent memory?
The tendency to recall memories that have a mood similar to your current mood.
What is automatic?
Behavior that is unintentional and uncontrollable.
What is the Chamelion effect?
The tendency for individuals to non-consciously mimic the postures, mannerisms, and facial expressions of interactional partners.
What is primed?
A process by which a concept or behavior is made more cognitive accessive or likely to occur through the presentation of an associated concept.
What is an explicit attitude?
An attitude that is consciously felt and can be reported on by a person holding that attitude.
What is implicit attitude?
An attitude that a person cannot verbally state.
An implicit measure of attitudes?
Measure in which researchers infer the participant’s attitudes rather than having the participant report it.
What is implicate association test?
An implicate attitude task that assesses a person’s automatic association between concepts by measuring the response time in paring the concepts.
What is evaluating priming task?
An implicit attitude task assesses the extent to which an attitude object is associated with a positive or negative valence by measuring a person’s label of good or bad.
What is normative influence?
Conformity that results from a concern for what other people think of us.
What is informational influence?
Conformity that results from a concern to act to a socially approved manner as determined by how others act.
What are descriptive norms?
The perception of what most people do in a given situation.
What are blatant biases?
Conscious believes, feelings, or behaviors that people are perfectly willing to admit are mostly hostile and often favor one’s, own group.
What is Social dominance orientation (SDO)?
Describes a belief that group hierarchies are inevitable in all societies and are even good, to maintain stability.
What is right-wing authoritarianism?
RWA focuses on the values conflicts but endorses respect for obedience and authority in the service group conformity.
What are subtle biases?
Subtle biases are automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent, but real in their consequences.
What are automatic biases?
Are unintended, immediate ab irresistible?
What is implicate association test (IAT)?
measures relatively automatic biases that favor own group relative to other groups.
What is social identity theory?
notes that people categorize each other into groups favoring their own group.
What is a self-categorization theory?
develops social identity theory’s point that people categorize themselves along with each other into groups favoring their own group.
What is the stereotype content model?
This shows that social groups are viewed according to their perceived warmth and competence.
