Quiz 3b (11.10.2020)

Question 1

Homogeneous mixtures like salt mixed with water are called ___

Answer 1

solutions

Question 2

the component of the solution that changes state is called ___

Answer 2

solute (lesser amount)

Question 3

the component that keeps its state is called the ___

Answer 3

solvent (larger amount)

Question 4

___ solutions have a small amount of solute compared to solvent

Answer 4

dilute

Question 5

____ solutions have a large amount of solute compared to solvent

Answer 5

concentrated

Question 6

a common way to express solution concentration is __

Answer 6

molarity (M)

Question 7

Molarity is the amount of

Answer 7

solute (in moles) divided by the volume of solution (in liters)

Question 8

Often, solutions are stored as concentrated ____. to make solutions of lower concentrations from these, more solvent is added. The amount of solute doesn’t change, just the volume of solution.

Answer 8

stock solutions

Question 9

The concentrations and volumes of the stock and new solutions are ____

Answer 9

inversely proportional

Question 10

When sodium chloride dissolves in water, each ion is attracted to surrounding water molecules and pulled off and away from crystal. When it enters solution, the ion is surrounded by water molecules, insulating it from other ions. Result is a solution with____.

Answer 10

free moving charged particles able to conduct electricity.

Question 11

Materials that dissolve in water to form a solution that will conduct electricity are called ___.

Answer 11

electrolytes

Question 12

Materials that dissolve in water to form a solution that will not conduct electricity are called ___.

Answer 12

nonelectrolytes

Question 13

A solution of salt is an ____. A solution of sugar is a ____.

Answer 13

electrolyte; non electrolyte

Question 14

___ reactions are reactions in which a solid forms when we mix two solutions. Reactions between aqueous solutions of ionic compounds produce an ionic compound that is insoluble in water.

Answer 14

precipitation

Question 15

The insoluble product in a precipitation reaction is a ___

Answer 15

precipitate

Question 16

How do you predict a precipitation reaction?

Answer 16

1. determine what ions each aq solution has
2. determine formulas of products (exchange ions + balance charges)
3. determine solubility of each product

Question 17

Equations that describe the material’s structure when dissolved are called _____

Answer 17

complete ionic equations

Question 18

Ions that do not participate in the reaction and appear unchanged on both sides of the equation are called ___

Answer 18

spectator ions

Question 19

An ionic equation in which the spectator ions are removed is called a ___.

Answer 19

net ionic equation

Question 20

two other important classes of reactions that occur in aqueous solution are

Answer 20

1. acid-base reactions

2. gas-evolution reactions

Question 21

An acid-base reaction is also called a _____

Answer 21

neutralization reaction

Question 22

In an acid-base reaction, an action reacts with a base and the two neutralize each other, producing ___

Answer 22

water (or in some cases a weak electrolyte)

Question 23

In a ____ reaction, a gas forms, resulting in bubbling.

Answer 23

gas-evolution

Question 24

In both acid-base and gas-evolution reactions, as in precipitation reactions, the reactions occur when____

Answer 24

the anion from one reactant combines with the cation of the other.

Question 25

Arrhenius acid

Answer 25

substance that produces H+ (some acids called polyprotic acid; these acids contain more than one ionizable proton and release them sequentially)

Question 26

Sulfuric acid is a ____ acid

Answer 26

diprotic acid

Question 27

Arrhenius base

Answer 27

substance that produces OH ions in aqueous solution

Question 28

Bronsted-Lowry theory

Answer 28

the acid is an H+ donor, the base is an H+ acceptor - base structure must contain an atom with an unshared pair of electrons

Question 29

In a Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction, the acid molecule___

Answer 29

donates an H+ to the base molecule

Question 30

In a Bronsted-Lowry Reaction, the original base___

Answer 30

has an extra H+ after the reaction, so it will act as an acid in the reverse process, and the original acid has a lone pair of electrons after the reaction, so it will act as a base in the reverse process