Quiz 3b (11.10.2020) Flashcards
Homogeneous mixtures like salt mixed with water are called ___
solutions
the component of the solution that changes state is called ___
solute (lesser amount)
the component that keeps its state is called the ___
solvent (larger amount)
___ solutions have a small amount of solute compared to solvent
dilute
____ solutions have a large amount of solute compared to solvent
concentrated
a common way to express solution concentration is __
molarity (M)
Molarity is the amount of
solute (in moles) divided by the volume of solution (in liters)
Often, solutions are stored as concentrated ____. to make solutions of lower concentrations from these, more solvent is added. The amount of solute doesn’t change, just the volume of solution.
stock solutions
The concentrations and volumes of the stock and new solutions are ____
inversely proportional
When sodium chloride dissolves in water, each ion is attracted to surrounding water molecules and pulled off and away from crystal. When it enters solution, the ion is surrounded by water molecules, insulating it from other ions. Result is a solution with____.
free moving charged particles able to conduct electricity.
Materials that dissolve in water to form a solution that will conduct electricity are called ___.
electrolytes
Materials that dissolve in water to form a solution that will not conduct electricity are called ___.
nonelectrolytes
A solution of salt is an ____. A solution of sugar is a ____.
electrolyte; non electrolyte
___ reactions are reactions in which a solid forms when we mix two solutions. Reactions between aqueous solutions of ionic compounds produce an ionic compound that is insoluble in water.
precipitation
The insoluble product in a precipitation reaction is a ___
precipitate
How do you predict a precipitation reaction?
- determine what ions each aq solution has
- determine formulas of products (exchange ions + balance charges)
- determine solubility of each product
Equations that describe the material’s structure when dissolved are called _____
complete ionic equations
Ions that do not participate in the reaction and appear unchanged on both sides of the equation are called ___
spectator ions
An ionic equation in which the spectator ions are removed is called a ___.
net ionic equation
two other important classes of reactions that occur in aqueous solution are
- acid-base reactions
2. gas-evolution reactions
An acid-base reaction is also called a _____
neutralization reaction
In an acid-base reaction, an action reacts with a base and the two neutralize each other, producing ___
water (or in some cases a weak electrolyte)
In a ____ reaction, a gas forms, resulting in bubbling.
gas-evolution
In both acid-base and gas-evolution reactions, as in precipitation reactions, the reactions occur when____
the anion from one reactant combines with the cation of the other.
Arrhenius acid
substance that produces H+ (some acids called polyprotic acid; these acids contain more than one ionizable proton and release them sequentially)
Sulfuric acid is a ____ acid
diprotic acid
Arrhenius base
substance that produces OH ions in aqueous solution
Bronsted-Lowry theory
the acid is an H+ donor, the base is an H+ acceptor - base structure must contain an atom with an unshared pair of electrons
In a Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction, the acid molecule___
donates an H+ to the base molecule
In a Bronsted-Lowry Reaction, the original base___
has an extra H+ after the reaction, so it will act as an acid in the reverse process, and the original acid has a lone pair of electrons after the reaction, so it will act as a base in the reverse process
