Quiz 3.1

Question 1

How many cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae are there

Answer 1

7 C
12 T
5 L

Question 2

Sacrum

Answer 2

5 bones, fuse in mid 30s

Question 3

Coccyx

Answer 3

3-5 partially or unfused bones at very bottom

Question 4

Role of curves in spine (sagittal)

Answer 4

Absorb shock (no force directly down on spine)
Maintain balance (keep head over knees)

Question 5

Cervical Vert.

Answer 5

Support weight of head
Flex/ext (primarily sagittal but also frontal)
Rotation at atlantoaxial joint

Question 6

Atlantoaxial joint

Answer 6

B/w atlas (C1) and axis (C2) –> rotations
Dens of C2 serves as pivot point
Zygaphophyseal joint facet allows for smooth flex/ext, side bend, and rotation

Question 7

Nuchal Ligament

Answer 7

keep cervical vert. from snapping
Prominence on C7 spinous process
Stabilize head (reduces muscular contribution)
Important in endurance running

Question 8

Thoracic vert

Answer 8

Provide attachment spot for ribs
Allows for rotation but limited/no flex/ext

Question 9

Why should flex/ext of thoracic be limited?

Answer 9

Structure: Maintain integrity of rib cage as one solid unit
Func: Don’t want to compress the vital organs within the thoracic cage and don’t want ribs collapsing when breathing

Question 10

Kyphosis

Answer 10

Abnormal sagittal plane curvature of thoracic region
Postural, degenerative, developmental

Question 11

Lumbar Vert.

Answer 11

Bears body weight
Flex/ext sagittal plane

Question 12

Why do lumbar have limited rotation

Answer 12

Structure: facet articulation of vertebrae limits movement in transverse plane
Functionally: Rotation would squish vital abdominal organs because no additional bones there to protect

Question 13

Lordosis

Answer 13

Extreme sagittal curvature of lumbar region of spine
Excessive anterior tilt of pelvis (pelvis top tilts forward)

Question 14

Sacrum

Answer 14

Connect spine to pelvis via sacroiliac joint
Very strong, dense bones because weight bearing
Shape allows for greater range of movement

Question 15

Scoliosis

Answer 15

Lateral curvature of spine in thoracic, lumbar, or both in FRONTAL plane
Puts additional force on vert. and SC

Question 16

Why should frontal plane spine be straight

Answer 16

Because you want force parallel to the spinal cord so discs can absorb force and the cord is protected

Question 17

Scoliosis treatment

Answer 17

Bracing if 25-40 degrees
Surgery for 40-50+

Question 18

C-shaped scoliosis

Answer 18

Curve only in thoracic region

Question 19

S-shaped scoliosis

Answer 19

Curve in both thoracic and lumbar regions