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Musculoskeletal D&P > Quiz 2.1 > Flashcards

Quiz 2.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Line of action

A

The line between the origin and insertion (tendon to tendon)

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2
Q

Muscle function

A

Generate force

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3
Q

How do you get a torque to be produced

A

The line of action does not intersect directly with the axis of rotation –> torque produced about joint it crosses
Force applied directly through AOR does NOT produce torque.

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4
Q

Torque

A

Tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis
Units: Nm
T = F*(Perp. distance from axis)

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5
Q

Moment arm

A

Perp. distance from the LOA of muscle force to the center of the rotation of the joint
Depends on: origin/insertion and joint angle
As joint angle changes during movement, the moment arm length changes
T = F*(distance perp to force)

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6
Q

Lever arm

A

Distance from axis to perp. component of force
T = perp force*(distance)

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7
Q

Net joint torque

A

Summation of torques produced by all muscles acting simultaneously at a joint

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8
Q

Torque when concentric muscle action

A

Net joint torque is in the same direction as joint motion
ex: arm flexion

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9
Q

Torque when eccentric muscle action

A

Net joint torque is in the opposite direction as joint motion
ex: arm extension

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10
Q

Concentric internal/external torque

A

Internal T greater than external T
ex: Bicep torque greater than the dumbbell, you can lift it

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11
Q

Eccentric internal/external torque

A

External torque greater than internal torque –> lengthening

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12
Q

Isometric internal/external torque

A

Internal and external torques are equal, object remains stationary

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13
Q

Why is more muscle force necessary when muscle inserts at an angle instead of perp.

A

The moment arm becomes smaller due to the angle. See diagram

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14
Q

Lever

A

A simple machine consisting of a rigid body that rotates about an axis

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15
Q

Fulcrum

A

Point about a lever rotates (axis)

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16
Q

How are levers classified

A

By Axis, motive force, and resistive force
ARM

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17
Q

Mechanical advantage

A

MA = (Moment arm of motive force)/(moment arm of resistance)

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18
Q

Force moment arm > resistance moment arm

A

MA > 1.0
Not likely in body
Low force necessary to overcome resistance but resistance moved through limited ROM

19
Q

Resistance M.arm > Force M.arm

A

MA <1.0
Most similar to body
Large force necessary to overcome resistance but moved through larger ROM

20
Q

1st class lever

A

Axis between the motive force and resistive force (RAM)
Ex: elbow extension (Tricep-elbow joint- arm)
Plantar flexion

21
Q

2nd class lever

A

ARM
Torque advantage (MA) usually exists for motive force (limited ROM)
Ex: Push-up

22
Q

3rd class lever

A

AMR
most joints
Advantage in ROM and speed but disadvantage in force
ex: arm flexion, hip flexion, knee extension (quad inserts below knee)

23
Q

Uniarticular

A

Muscles crossing one joint

24
Q

Biarticular

A

Muscles crossing two joints

25
Q

Multiarticualr

A

Muscles crossing multiple joints

26
Q

Biarticulate muscles

A

Contribute to two joint torques simultaneously
Torque produced by muscle on one joint is dependent on angle of the other joint

27
Q

Lombard’s Paradox

A

See slide
2 antagonistic muscles active in one movement but each muscle ends up being more active at a different joint therefore enhancing each other to complete the total movement
Biarticulate muscles can act like tendon

28
Q

Shoulder ligaments

A

Superior acromioclavicular
Coracoacromial
Coracoclavicular
Coracohumeral
Capsular ligament

29
Q

general function of ligaments

A

provide stability for the joints

30
Q

Other shoulder structures

A

Articular cartilage
Glenoid labrum
Bursae

31
Q

SLAP (Superior Labrum Anterior and Posterior) tear

A

Where the bicep tendon attaches to labrum
Causes: Heavy lifting, repetitive overhead movement like throwing, falling onto outstretched hand

32
Q

Muscles of shoulder

A

Know functional relevance, go through slide tables of movement

33
Q

Why do so many muscles cross the shoulder (structural and functional reasons)

A

Structural: Stability for the inherently unstable joint
Functional: The triaxial joint needs many muscles to perform all the movements of the shoulder. Many smaller muscles allow for greater DOF

34
Q

Why does anterior and middle deltoid produce max force of muscles crossing the shoulder

A

Because arm’s function is to lift and carry which is primarily a movement in the front/middle of body.
** see table

35
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus
subscapularis, teres minor
** see table

36
Q

4 joints of the shoulder

A

Sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, scapulothoracic, glenohumeral

37
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Condylar non-axial joint
articular disc
A/P sternoclavicular ligament and costoclavicular ligament
3 DOF (Elev/depress, protrac/retract, post rotation(Closed))

38
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Plane, non-axial joint
Articular disc
S/I acromioclavicular ligament, coracoclavicular lig.
Sloping interface leads to possible dislocation from lateral, superior force
3 DOF (Up (Closed)/down rotation, int/ext rotation, A/P tilting)
**See images for movements

39
Q

Close packed

A

Maximum articulation between 2 bones in joint

40
Q

Open packed

A

Minimal articulation between bones in a joint

41
Q

Scapulothoracic joint

A

Not a true joint
Elevation/depress
Protract/retract
Up/down rotation

42
Q

When is Sternoclavicular the axis for scapulothoracic

A

Elevation, protraction

43
Q

When is acromioclavicular the axis for scapulothoracic

A

Downward rotation, internal rotation, upward rotation

44
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

Ball and socket, triaxial
G. Fossa points up and humeral head points up and back

Musculoskeletal D&P (19 decks)

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