quiz 3 (Vikings and Mound Builders)

Question 1

who were the vikings

Answer 1

• scandinavian seafaring people
• north western europe
• were more civilized than thought

Question 2

what beliefs did the vikings have

Answer 2

pagan and christian

Question 3

types of disposition of vikings

Answer 3

cremation and inhumation (burial)

Question 4

what was the body care of the vikings

Answer 4

• close mouth, nostrils, eyes
• washed and then covered in cloth
• 10 days after death, put in grave/ship

Question 5

viking cremation

Answer 5

• they originated it independent from greeks
• fire lit by nearest relative
• was purifying

Question 6

2 themes to cremation for vikings

Answer 6

• burn the dead to prevent the sprits from harming the living, free spirit from the body
• ship cremation = for highest people, set afire and set to sea

Question 7

viking burial

Answer 7

• tumuli = mound burial
• near their settlements
• ship burial = for highest people
• graves in shape of boat to symbolize journey to afterlife

Question 8

grave goods of the vikings

Answer 8

furniture, weapons, utensils, jewelry, food, farm equipment
- sometimes objects broken intentionally for different purpose

Question 9

viking sacrifices

Answer 9

• animal sacrifices
• widow sacrificed
• female slave sacrifice (done by older woman “angel of death”)

Question 10

afterlife to the vikings

Answer 10

• status did not change in death
• valhalla
• “hall of slain”/fallen warriors

Question 11

the Hopewell culture (mound builders)

Answer 11

• early native americans
• ohio river valley
• craftsman, artists, tradesman
• hopewell exchange system

Question 12

disposition of mound builders

Answer 12

• cremation = scattered or burned and buried
• exposure burial = exposed to elements
• hopewell = common people cremated, nobility buried intact

Question 13

body care of mound builders

Answer 13

• wrapped in clothing, matting, skins
• laid in bed of bark
• painted with ochre and jewelry in grave

Question 14

the positions of body for mound builders deceased

Answer 14

• bundled bones, fetal, on back with arms/legs out, sitting

Question 15

skulls to the mound builders

Answer 15

• family relics
• found in graves with others
• used in headdresses in ceremonies

Question 16

mound builders mounds

Answer 16

• under the surface graves
• lined with wood, stone, bark
• “earth works”
• different geometric shapes = rectangle, circular, octagons, trapezoids, ellipses

Question 17

grave goods of mound builders

Answer 17

spears, knives, pipes, jewelry, vessel, statues, obsidian, mica, copper, bone, clay, silver, stone