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orientation to funeral service > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

which of the following were behavioral influecnes of early death rituals

A
  • type of life after death
  • superstitions
  • meaning of life
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2
Q

this Egyptian was the god of the underworld and judge of the dead

A

osiris

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3
Q

which element of man was the most important to the Egyptians

A

the Ka

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4
Q

this Egyptian undertaking specialist superintended embalming and funeral arrangements:

A

Kher-heb

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5
Q

this Egyptian figure was considered the “god of embalming”

A

Anubis

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6
Q

the Elysian fields were the Greek’s representation of what

A

heaven

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7
Q

the Greeks were the first to formally introduce ______ as we know it so far

A

cremation

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8
Q

in ancient Greek customs, the body was often washed, anointed, and cared for by

A

women

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9
Q

which river was crossed by paying the ferryman Charon

A

styx

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10
Q

the body of the Romans were preserved for what

A

no at all

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11
Q

what Roman funeral functionary was equivalent to the head undertaker

A

Libitanarius

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12
Q

the Romans of higher status held their funerals when

A

during the day

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13
Q

what was the Conclamatio Mortis

A

calling out of the dead

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14
Q

in the Hebrew culture, this was the “breathe”, a spirit like substance that dwelt in life within the flesh and persisted after death and could not be destroyed

A

Nefesh

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15
Q

in the Hebrew culture, this was the “flesh”, which returned to dust and could be destroyed

A

Basar

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16
Q

the Hebrew “place of darkness” was called this

A

Sheol

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17
Q

this was the Hebrew version of god

A

Yahweh

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18
Q

the Hebrew culture would bury their dead when

A

evening of the day of death

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19
Q

what is the name of the Hebrew “holy society”

A

Chevra Kadisha

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20
Q

a wooden slab used to hold the human remains is a

A

bier

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21
Q

early Christians practiced cremation as their primary form of disposition (t or f)

A

false

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22
Q

Christians believe that the burial of the dead is one of the seven corporal works of mercy (t or F)

A

true

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23
Q

early Christians were influenced by the Greek, Roman, and Jewish faith (t or f)

A

true

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24
Q

early mortuary laws prohibiting excessive spending were called sumptuary laws (t or f)

A

true

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25
Q

out text describes the Celt people as

A

savage warriors of the woods

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26
Q

the Battle Ax people (who potentially influenced Celtic beliefs) were named “Battle Ax” people because

A

the battle ax was found in their graves

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27
Q

the Celtic people were considered the “cult of the head” because

A
  • their religious symbol was a head depicted in stone, metal, wood and more
  • the decapitated head of their enemies brought them good fortune
  • the decapitated head of their enemies warded off evil
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28
Q

druids were the ____ of the Celtic people

A
  • magico religious specialists
  • philosophers
  • scientists
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29
Q

the Celtic people eventually assimilated into European culture through the conversion of their pagan beliefs into Christian beliefs (t or f)

A

true

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30
Q

the ancient Chinese customs were influenced by many cultural beliefs including

A

taoism

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31
Q

the fear of the dead and the forces controlling the dead had a significant impact on the development of Ancient Chinese funeral customs (t or f)

A

ture

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32
Q

the Ancient Chinese afterlife was akin to the beliefs of the ______ because they also believed in an earth like existence after death

A

Egyptians

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33
Q

the Chinese believe in ancestral worship because

A

the living owe all things to their dead ancestors

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34
Q

what did the hardboiled egg placed with the dead of the Ancient Chinese people symbolize

A

resurrection and immortally

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35
Q

the Ancient Chinese people buried their dead within the walls of the city, just like the Romans (t or f)

A

false

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36
Q

plants, like holly, oaks, and maples, were planted on the graves of the ancient Chinese (t or f)

A

false

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37
Q

the Bo people were an ethnic minority of China that hung their coffins on a mountain (t or f)

A

true

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38
Q

in the 1800s and early 1900s, Christian people of the Ozark’s held small funerals with just immediate family because people died often, and it was hard to get to all of the funerals (t or f)

A

false

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39
Q

the vikings are typically described as

A

seafaring traders

40
Q

vikings were both

A

Christian and Pagan

41
Q

the care of the viking dead body

A
  • included closing the mouth, nostrils, and sometimes the eyes
  • was respectful and meant to relieve problems with the living dead
  • washing the body and covering the head with cloth
42
Q

what form of dispositions did the vikings practice

A

cremation and ground burial

43
Q

the vikings sacrificed

A
  • animals
  • their wife
  • slaves
44
Q

the vikings believed in a “journey to the land of the dead”. the souls of the dead could reside in several halls, including the most famous “hall of the slain”, or also called

A

Valhalla

45
Q

the mound builders were early Native Americans who were prosperous craftsman, artists, and tradesman (t or f)

A

true

46
Q

the largest and most researched culture of mound builders is the

A

hopewell culture

47
Q

the mound builders practiced

A
  • whole body burial
  • cremation
  • exposure burial
48
Q

skulls were prized possession to the mound builders, they were used in headdresses for ceremonies and kept as family relics. skulls, both whole and partial, have been found with others in burial mounds (t or f)

A

true

49
Q

the mound builders created mounds in many shapes including rectangular, circular, octagons, trapezoids, ellipses, and snake shaped (t or f)

A

true

50
Q

the definition of inhumation is

A

the practice of burying the dead

51
Q

when did the middle ages begin

A

at the end of the Roman empire

52
Q

the middle ages were also known as the _____

A

the dark ages

53
Q

what was the names of the class structure in the middle ages

A

feudal system

54
Q

this is the society of lay people who prayed for the souls of the departed

A

leaugues of prayer

55
Q

this person was appointed by the priest to function as a church administrator

A

steward of the guild

56
Q

this person was the church caretaker who rang the church bells and dug graves

A

sexton

57
Q

in the middle ages, the nobility and clergy were buried

A

in the church wall, alter, and floor

58
Q

what was one affect of the plagues in Europe

A

a burial crisis

59
Q

the word “undertaker” was derived from

A

undertaking the general work or trades

60
Q

the barber surgeon’s job was to

A
  • tatto
  • embalm
  • blood let
61
Q

the name “hearse” came from the Latin word “hiprex” which is the name for this farming tool

A

rake

62
Q

this was the first specialized device used to move the deceased

A

bier

63
Q

Crane and Breed are famous for

A

making metal caskets and hearses

64
Q

this funeral vehicle was first used in 1880s Baltimore and Chicago. it traveled along a rail line and contained enough room for a casket and mourners

A

funeral trolley

65
Q

this style of hearse was introduced by Sayers and Scovill in 1938. the roof was heavily padded with leather or vinyl and was decorated with faux, s shaped irons, that can be found on modern hearses today

A

Landau style hearse

66
Q

the origin of the word “coffin” is this Greek word meaning “basket”

A

Kofinos

67
Q

this is the typical burial container that was originally plain and was generally 6-8 sided (anthropoidal)

A

coffin

68
Q

what was the name of the casket patented in 1848 as the “airtight coffin of cast or raised metal”

A

the Fisk metallic coffin

69
Q

what was the name of the cloth burial case built for president Ulysses Grant

A

the E type state casket

70
Q

in 1872 Jacob Weidenmann patents this wood box in concrete known as a

A

burial vault

71
Q

what does antebellum mean

A

pre civil war

72
Q

who wrote the first manual on embalming in 1838

A

Jean Gannal

73
Q

early body preservation was crude, involving the removal of organs from the main body cavities and treating them and the body cavities separately. this is called

A

evisceration

74
Q

who was the 1st officer to die in the civil war? he was embalmed and viewed becoming the “most valuable embalming in funeral service”

A

Col. Elmer Ellsworth

75
Q

who was the “father of american embalming”

A

Dr. Thomas Holmes

76
Q

who was the first African American embalmer

A

Prince Greer

77
Q

General Grant announced US army general order #39 to

A

exclude all embalmers from military areas

78
Q

Abraham Lincoln’s body was said to be hard as

A

marble

79
Q

what was the significance of Lincoln being embalmed

A

he was the first president to be embalmed

80
Q

what is the name of the long hollow instrument that withdrawals fluids form the body cavities during embalming

A

trocar

81
Q

immediately following the civil war embalming was popular with everyone across the country (t or f)

A

false

82
Q

the first patent for arterial injection was submitted by J. Anthony Gaussardia (t or f)

A

true

83
Q

Lincoln’s dead son, Tad was also on the train that carried his embalmed body (t or f)

A

false

84
Q

the quartermaster was the person who coordinated transportation of the dead during the war (t or f)

A

true

85
Q

“body hunters” would locate the body of soldiers and return them to their family (t or f)

A

true

86
Q

when did embalming become popular

A

early 1900s

87
Q

what major influence encouraged the rise fo the funeral industry

A

industrialization

88
Q

in the early 20th century funerals were primarily

A

in the home

89
Q

the mid 20th century funerals started being hosted in

A

the funeral home

90
Q

the average wake in the 1950s was

A

3 days

91
Q

who was the muckraking journalist that upended the funeral industry and potentially sparked the need for federal regulations

A

Jessica Mitford

92
Q

in the 21st century, the consumers tend to be

A

more informed, secular, and emphasize individuality

93
Q

the FTC funeral rule is up for review. this is the most discussed part of the review because it creates more economic transparency for the consumer but more competition for the funeral industry

A

electronic price disclosure

94
Q

in the 21st century, funerals are an average of _____ day(s), if any at all

A

1

95
Q

in 2016, cremation surpassed burial as

A

the most popular form of disposition

96
Q

what is the legal terminology in the US for composting the human body

A

natural organic reduction

orientation to funeral service (8 decks)

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