Quiz 3 Flashcards
what did researchers study when they were looking at “Grit”
they studied that west point cadets and national spelling bee finalists both had very high levels of grit
what is the upcoming challenge in our research projects?
choosing our variables and our methods of measuring each variable
ex) how do you define the term “gritty”
- having perseverance and passion for long term goals
where in a research paper would you include information about the definition of the term gritty?
in the introduction
what does it mean to have high grit?
- isn’t discouraged by setbacks
what does it mean to have low grit?
-having passions that change often
how would you operationally define “grit”?
- years of participation in an activity
- number of recorded failures and time taken until giving up
what can happen even if you find a method to test your variables that you like
that method is very subject to change
what are some qualitites of a good measure?
- reliability
- validity
what does it mean for a result to be reliable?
the result is consistent time after time,, the measure should produce a consistent result under similar conditions
what does it mean for a result to be valid?
the results you are getting are accurate to what you are trying to measure
what is an example of reliability?
every 10 yo spelling be champion should score high on the grit scale
what is an example of validity?
grit measures the liklihood to continue hard tasks
what is an example of something that was measured that turned out to be not valid?
phrenology, people thought that having a large skull meant that you were smart, but in reality it meant nothing at all. Their results did not measure what they wanted them to.
what are ways that we can measure variables?
tradition , new techniques, available equiptment
what are three ways that we are able to measure different variables?
through tradition, new techniques, and available equipment
what is the tradition way of measuring variables?
you measure the variables the way that other studies have done before
what is an example of a tradition method?
angela duckworths grit survey
what is the new techniques method of measuring variables?
applying new methods that were generated other research fields and then apply them to new aread
what is an example of the new techniques method?
using fmri’s to look at the brain scans of people with high and low grit levels to look at similarities when really fmri’s are really used mostly in neuroscience
what is the available equipment way of measuring variables?
choosing your operational definition based on what you have access to
what is an example of the available equipment method?
using handgrip to measure grittiness because handgips are usually very cheap and easy to get ahold of.
does grit predict educational success?
education is correlated to grit, but grit is not only education
- therefore grit is not a reliable measure of educational success
if a scale is reliable and valid then it will read
the same correct weight over and over and over (150, 150, 150)
if a scale is reliable and not valid then it will read
the same incorrect weight every time (140,140,140)
if a scale is not reliable but is valid then it will read
different incorrect weight with the correct average (151, 160, 144, 162) but their average will be 150
if a scale is if a scale is not reliable and not valid then it will read
different incorrect weights that are not at all in the ballpark of the correct number
what are the 3 categories of measures?
- behavioral
- self-report
- physiological
what are the two types of behavior that you can measure?
- frequency of behavior
- latency of behavior
what is behavioral observation?
when you record observed behavior
howbdo you measure the frequency of behavior?
by taking count data
ex.) how many times a person chooses a product
how do you measure latency
time data
ex.) how long did it take to decide on a single product
what does a marketing psychologist study?
- their audience
- perceptions
- attention
- memory
what are self-report measures?
a way to collect subjective survey responses
what are two ways to take self report measures?
- rating scale
- q-sortng
what is the rating scale method?
on a scale of 1-5 how loyal are you to brand x
- rating things on a scale
what is the Q-sorting method?
when you organize these brands on likelihood to purchase?
what does Q-sorting help determine?
packaging choices, brand name choices, secondhand exposure
what are the different divisions of surveys?
retrospective survey
prospective survey
state report
trait report
what is a retrospective survey?
a survey about your past behavior,, what DID your family prepare for another pandemic?
what is a prospective survey?
a survey about your future behavior,, what WILL you buy to prepare for another pandemic
what is a state report?
a survey about your immediate behavior, how hungry are you right now while grocery shopping
what is a trait report?
a survey about your average behavior, on average how hungry are you when you grocery shop?
self report answer for yourself
- when shopping how likely are you to make an impulse buy?
informant report?
you answer your survey on behalf of others,, when shopping how likely is person x to make an impulse buy?
what is a drawback of self report surveys?
some decisions that we make are unconscious, so it is impossible for us to report them
what are different physiological measures?
-autonomic measures
- event processing measures
what is a physiological measures
you record physiological events
what are autonomic responses?
you measure heart rate or sweating during a vehicle test drive
what are event processing responses?
measuring eye movements or brain activitiy
what are the challenges behavioral measurement?
-some behaviors are hard to observe
what are the challenges to self report measures?
-ppl lie
- some questions are poorly worded or biased toward a certain answer
what are the challenges to physiological measures?
- it is invasive and can effect normal behavior
- requires special equipment
what are some problems that could occur with data?
floor effects and ceiling effects
what is a floor effect?
when all values are very low, and no one does what you observe
what is a ceiling effect?
all values are too high,, every one agrees on one thing or does thing thing you are observing
what is a key component to collecting data?
you need to have variability
How can you avoid issues within data
timing, and pilot testing
what is timing, and how does it prevent certain challenges
how long should a collection last, and what time of day to collect data? different times can effect certain behaviors which give you inaccurate readings
what is pilot testing and how does it prevent challenges?
wnaive participants experience your study without collecting data
- others read your study and look for points of confusion or bias so you can remediate them before actually completing the study
what is one last thing that can help your study from any confounds?
keeping good notes allows you to identify for a third variable
what is one last thing that can help your study from any confounds?
keeping good notes allows you to identify for a third variable
