Chapter 9 Flashcards
questionnaires and surveys are..
the most common types of data collection methods in psychology 205
what are some examples of the large sample service industry?
Pew- political
Gallup- consumer opinion
youGov: international public opinion
Nielsen: tv and movie ratings
what is each question a person can answer in a questionnaire?
item
each item can be used as a
variable
ex.) what tv show are you watching?
your item may also be a part of your…
operational definition
responses to your items must be…
confidential
what is a criterion variable?
the survey form of the DV
the focus of your survey
ex.) do you watch the superbowl?
what is a predictor variable?
survey form of the IV
factors that might influence your criterion
what is a demographic variable?
age.gender.access to TV
ex.) what demographic is most likely to watch the superbowl
what are the 4 different question types>
- open ended
- restricted items
- partially open ended
- rating scale
what are open ended items?
allows participants to respond using their own numbers, words, or lsts
what is an example of numerical open ended?
how many times have you watched the jersey shore?
what is an example of descriptive open ended
what do you like about the jersey shore?
what is an example of list open ended?
“List all shows like the jersey shore”
what are restricted items?
provide specific response alternatives
when you give a restricted item survey you need to
list the questions in a logical order, and provide a whole spectrum of answers
what is an example of providing a range of answers?
my interest increased
my interest did not change
my interest decreased
what is a partially open ended item?
you provide specific respnse alternatives plus an other categoru at the end
what does a partially open ended item allow for
allows for clarification to be given
what is a rating scale?
provides a graded response to a question?
- ex would you buy disney = for a single movie and then ask participants to rate on a scale of very unlikely to very likely
what is a rating scale?
provides a graded response to a question?
- ex would you buy disney = for a single movie and then ask participants to rate on a scale of very unlikely to very likely
what are points?
the value of a choise (usually in the range of 5-7)
what are anchors?
the labels of the meanings for points
very unlikely or likely etc.
what are the three types of rating scales?
Visual analog scale
Likert scale
likert type scale
what is the visual analog scale (VAS)
removes all scale points
participants place a line where hey feel is appropriate
line placement is then measured to retrieve a score
what is the likert scale?
the extent to with a participant agrees about a statement using a point scale
- anchors always range from strongly agree to strongly disagree
what is a likert type scale?
its is like the likert scale you just don’t use the word agree
your items should have both…
continuity and logic
ie) related questions should be ordered together
your questions should not….the particpant
lead
how can you avoid leading the participant
any questions that may lead the participant should be placed at the end
your survey should also be…
understandable and easy to read
short
what are the methods of distributing a survey?
- phone
- internet
- face to face interview
what are the benefits to a mail survey?
they are the best way to achieve a near random sample
what are the cons to mail surveys
they have a high nonresponse bias
what are ways to get people to repspond to your mail survey
include cash in the envelope
make multiple attempts
what are the two ways to take a phone survey?
in person calling
automated response system
what are the benefits of telephone surveys?
you have better access to older adult
what are some of the cons to a telephone survey?
there is also a high non response bias
(it was a better form when there were landlines, that was the best way to get a near random sample)
what are some ways you can share an internet survey
- you can sent the direct file, share the link, make a social media post
what are the benefits of an internet survey?
you have access to very large samples
what are some cons to internet surveys?
you end up with a bias toward tech users
what are some pros to face to face interviewing?
they have a much higher response rate
what do face to face interviews have a higher response rate?
there is social pressure to participate
participation is also higher when it is a member of the opposite sex giveing the survey
what do face to face interviews have a higher response rate?
there is social pressure to participate
participation is also higher when it is a member of the opposite sex giving the survey
what are some cons to face to face interviewing?
people are less likely to admit unpopular behavior or opinions
there is interviewer bias,,
what are some ways that interview bias can occur
tone and demeanor of the questions asked can effect responses
ehat are the three types of face to face interview
structured, unstructured, and semi structured interviews
what is a structured interview?
you ask specific questions that were previously prepared
what is an unstructured interview?
you do not predetermine exact questions, you just have broad topics that yield discussion and conversation
- can also yield unexpected information you may not get with a structured interview
what is a semistructured interview>
there are elements of both types of interviews
what is a mixed model item?
you use multiple methods to get data
- you interview some, call some, text some, etc.
what are some pros to mixed model items?
it diversifies your sample, and increases the number of repsonses you can recieve
what are some drawbacks to the mixed model method?
there are more opportunities for error
your responses may vary depending on how the item is recieved in each fashion
your survey sample should
represent the population
your sample should be… and even random sampling can be…..
non biased,, biased by chance
what is stratified sampling?
you determine the relevent strata in your population
what is a strata?
strata are groups with in your intended variables
what is an example of a strata>
class sized
how should you select your sample?
to represent your strata equally
ex.) you must have 10 students from each class size
what is a proportionate sample
ypu select your sample to reflect the strata proportionately
how many people do you need for a sample?
you want enough to avoid sampling error, if a sample is too small then it will not represent the population
you want as many as possible
