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Intro to Research Methods > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

questionnaires and surveys are..

A

the most common types of data collection methods in psychology 205

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2
Q

what are some examples of the large sample service industry?

A

Pew- political
Gallup- consumer opinion
youGov: international public opinion
Nielsen: tv and movie ratings

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3
Q

what is each question a person can answer in a questionnaire?

A

item

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4
Q

each item can be used as a

A

variable
ex.) what tv show are you watching?

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5
Q

your item may also be a part of your…

A

operational definition

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6
Q

responses to your items must be…

A

confidential

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7
Q

what is a criterion variable?

A

the survey form of the DV
the focus of your survey
ex.) do you watch the superbowl?

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8
Q

what is a predictor variable?

A

survey form of the IV
factors that might influence your criterion

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9
Q

what is a demographic variable?

A

age.gender.access to TV
ex.) what demographic is most likely to watch the superbowl

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10
Q

what are the 4 different question types>

A
  1. open ended
  2. restricted items
  3. partially open ended
  4. rating scale
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11
Q

what are open ended items?

A

allows participants to respond using their own numbers, words, or lsts

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12
Q

what is an example of numerical open ended?

A

how many times have you watched the jersey shore?

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13
Q

what is an example of descriptive open ended

A

what do you like about the jersey shore?

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14
Q

what is an example of list open ended?

A

“List all shows like the jersey shore”

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15
Q

what are restricted items?

A

provide specific response alternatives

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16
Q

when you give a restricted item survey you need to

A

list the questions in a logical order, and provide a whole spectrum of answers

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17
Q

what is an example of providing a range of answers?

A

my interest increased
my interest did not change
my interest decreased

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18
Q

what is a partially open ended item?

A

you provide specific respnse alternatives plus an other categoru at the end

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19
Q

what does a partially open ended item allow for

A

allows for clarification to be given

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20
Q

what is a rating scale?

A

provides a graded response to a question?
- ex would you buy disney = for a single movie and then ask participants to rate on a scale of very unlikely to very likely

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21
Q

what is a rating scale?

A

provides a graded response to a question?
- ex would you buy disney = for a single movie and then ask participants to rate on a scale of very unlikely to very likely

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22
Q

what are points?

A

the value of a choise (usually in the range of 5-7)

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23
Q

what are anchors?

A

the labels of the meanings for points
very unlikely or likely etc.

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24
Q

what are the three types of rating scales?

A

Visual analog scale
Likert scale
likert type scale

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25
Q

what is the visual analog scale (VAS)

A

removes all scale points
participants place a line where hey feel is appropriate
line placement is then measured to retrieve a score

26
Q

what is the likert scale?

A

the extent to with a participant agrees about a statement using a point scale
- anchors always range from strongly agree to strongly disagree

27
Q

what is a likert type scale?

A

its is like the likert scale you just don’t use the word agree

28
Q

your items should have both…

A

continuity and logic
ie) related questions should be ordered together

29
Q

your questions should not….the particpant

A

lead

30
Q

how can you avoid leading the participant

A

any questions that may lead the participant should be placed at the end

31
Q

your survey should also be…

A

understandable and easy to read
short

32
Q

what are the methods of distributing a survey?

A
  • mail
  • phone
  • internet
  • face to face interview
33
Q

what are the benefits to a mail survey?

A

they are the best way to achieve a near random sample

34
Q

what are the cons to mail surveys

A

they have a high nonresponse bias

35
Q

what are ways to get people to repspond to your mail survey

A

include cash in the envelope
make multiple attempts

36
Q

what are the two ways to take a phone survey?

A

in person calling
automated response system

37
Q

what are the benefits of telephone surveys?

A

you have better access to older adult

38
Q

what are some of the cons to a telephone survey?

A

there is also a high non response bias
(it was a better form when there were landlines, that was the best way to get a near random sample)

39
Q

what are some ways you can share an internet survey

A
  • you can sent the direct file, share the link, make a social media post
40
Q

what are the benefits of an internet survey?

A

you have access to very large samples

41
Q

what are some cons to internet surveys?

A

you end up with a bias toward tech users

42
Q

what are some pros to face to face interviewing?

A

they have a much higher response rate

43
Q

what do face to face interviews have a higher response rate?

A

there is social pressure to participate
participation is also higher when it is a member of the opposite sex giveing the survey

44
Q

what do face to face interviews have a higher response rate?

A

there is social pressure to participate
participation is also higher when it is a member of the opposite sex giving the survey

45
Q

what are some cons to face to face interviewing?

A

people are less likely to admit unpopular behavior or opinions
there is interviewer bias,,

46
Q

what are some ways that interview bias can occur

A

tone and demeanor of the questions asked can effect responses

47
Q

ehat are the three types of face to face interview

A

structured, unstructured, and semi structured interviews

48
Q

what is a structured interview?

A

you ask specific questions that were previously prepared

49
Q

what is an unstructured interview?

A

you do not predetermine exact questions, you just have broad topics that yield discussion and conversation
- can also yield unexpected information you may not get with a structured interview

50
Q

what is a semistructured interview>

A

there are elements of both types of interviews

51
Q

what is a mixed model item?

A

you use multiple methods to get data
- you interview some, call some, text some, etc.

52
Q

what are some pros to mixed model items?

A

it diversifies your sample, and increases the number of repsonses you can recieve

53
Q

what are some drawbacks to the mixed model method?

A

there are more opportunities for error
your responses may vary depending on how the item is recieved in each fashion

54
Q

your survey sample should

A

represent the population

55
Q

your sample should be… and even random sampling can be…..

A

non biased,, biased by chance

56
Q

what is stratified sampling?

A

you determine the relevent strata in your population

57
Q

what is a strata?

A

strata are groups with in your intended variables

58
Q

what is an example of a strata>

A

class sized

59
Q

how should you select your sample?

A

to represent your strata equally
ex.) you must have 10 students from each class size

60
Q

what is a proportionate sample

A

ypu select your sample to reflect the strata proportionately

61
Q

how many people do you need for a sample?

A

you want enough to avoid sampling error, if a sample is too small then it will not represent the population
you want as many as possible

Intro to Research Methods (9 decks)

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