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host and defense - exam 1 > Quiz 3 - Durrant - SSTIs > Flashcards

Quiz 3 - Durrant - SSTIs Flashcards

1
Q

T/F - Intact skin is the first line of defense.

A

TRUE

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2
Q

What permits microbial invasions?

A

Ducts in skin

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3
Q

What is the classic presentation of an SSTI?

A

Erythema, warmth, edema, tenderness

Crepitus - Gas bubbles under skin

Necrosis

Fluctuate

Purpura

Bullae

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4
Q

What are some other diseases that can mimic SSTIs?

A

Gout

Thrombosis

Drug eruption

Dermatitis

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5
Q

Folliculitis can be from what?

A

Friction and sweat gland activity

Staph aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa

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6
Q

Acne is what? Caused by what?

A

Inflammation of hair follicles and associated sebaceous glands

Propionibacterium acnes - Multiplies behind/w/in sebum trapped in follicles/glands

Hormonal influences as well

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7
Q

What is the most common bug associated with an abscess?

A

Staph aureus is the most common culprit - Including MRSA - often polymicrobial

  • Treatment is incision and drainage
  • Staph aureus is gram + cocci
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8
Q

What is a furuncle?

A

Abscess in the area of a hair follicle

A boil

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9
Q

What is a carbuncle?

A

Multiloculated abscess

  • Spread of infection to subcutaneous tissue
  • Staph aureus
  • I and D treatment
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10
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis. Tell me about it.

A

Digest facial barriers

Rapid infection

Due to Strep progenes (Group A strep), and/or staph aureus, or clostridium - anaerobic

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11
Q

What is Fournier’s gangrene?

A

Poly microbial infection of the genitals and perineum

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12
Q

Most common pathogen in surgical wounds?

A

S. Aureus

  • Also any sort of skin/normal flora
  • Transmission by fomites, hands, air, or environment
  • Treatment is really prevention by taking antibiotics prior to surgery
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13
Q

Tinea cruris, corporis, etc. is what and causes what?

FUNGI, NOT BACTERIA

A

Dermatophyte fungi

  • Ringworm, nail infections
  • Caused by trichophyton, microsporum, epidermophyton
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14
Q

What is the most common yeast infection?

A

Candida albicans

-Topical antifungals

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15
Q

What are some other illnesses from yeast/fungi?

A

Diaper rash

Intertrigo

Thrush

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16
Q

What is impetigo from?

A

Group A strep, also S. Aureus

-Treatment is penicillin, topical antibiotic

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17
Q

What is erysipelas?

A

Caused by group A strep

Rapid spreading

Deep layers of dermis

Treated with penicillin

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18
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

Subcutaneous tissue

Group A Strep, S. Aureus

Systemic antibiotics

19
Q

What factors would increase risk of wound infections?

A

Higher number of organisms

Higher virulence of organisms

Poor circulation near wound

Poor general health, poor nutrition, diabetes

20
Q

S. Aureus. Tell me about it.

A

Champ of microbial pathogens

It is everywhere. Gut, skin, etc.

Acute, aggressive, locally destructive purulent lesions

MRSA - Methicillin-Resistant Staph Aureus

21
Q

Staphylococcal toxin?

A

Alpha-toxin - Staph scalded skin syndrome

22
Q

Exfoliatin is what?

A

Bullous impetigo

23
Q

T/F - Certain strains of S. Aureus can cause toxic shock syndrome.

A

TRUE

Red, cracked hands

-Tampons, but also gauze/wound packing materials

24
Q

Enterotoxins from what?

A

Staphylococcal food poisoning

25
Q

Exotoxin - ?

Endotoxins - ?

Enterotoxin - ?

A

Exotoxin - Excreted out of the cell

Endotoxin- Intracellular

Enterotoxin - Causes GI issues

26
Q

What is the target for beta-lactam antibiotics?

A

Penicillin binding proteins - PBPs

27
Q

How is MRSA resistant to methicillin?

A

Using mecA gene - codes for the altered PBP

-Makes new PBP w/ reduced affinity for beta-lactams
—Resistant to all beta-lactams

28
Q

MSSA

A

Methicillin-Sensitive S. Aureus

29
Q

Risk factors for MRSA?

A

Skin-skin contact

Crowded living - gyms, wrestling mats

Poor hygiene

IV drug use

*Treatment: Vancomycin

MRSA is a big issue and should be screened for

30
Q

What is Group A Strep (Strep pyogenes)?

A

Gram + chains

-Causes “Strep throat” - Pharyngitis

31
Q

What is Post-Strep infection sequelae?

A

Once the body is infected, an autoimmune response could occur in the future as in rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis

32
Q

Why are Strep exotoxins so toxic?

A

Get thru multiple layers, break down protein, carbs, DNA, causes increased cytokine activity, and can make superantigens

33
Q

Clostridium perfringens?

A

Anaerobic, spore forming, Gram + rod, number 1 cause of gas gangrene

*HAS A LEUKOCIDIN that kills white cells

Produces H2 and CO2

Rapidly fatal

34
Q

Pasteurella multocida?

A

GRAM - rod

Usually from animal bites

35
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Burn victims are very susceptible to this infection.

GRAM - rod

Non-fermenter, and an environmental pathogen, water, hospital rooms

Causes numerous diseases, usually found on skin

Green tint

36
Q

Vibrio vulnificus?

A

Gram - rod

In salt-water environments, brackish water, colonize shellfish

Fever -> sepsis -> hemorrhagic bulla

Associated with iron overload, cirrhosis

37
Q

What is mycetoma?

A

Fungal

Causes “warty-foot”

*From Actinomyces, or Nocardia

38
Q

Sporotichosis?

A

Rose gardener’s disease/thumb - Sporothrix schenckii

*Treatment is systemic antibiotics

39
Q

How to get a diagnosis?

A

Diagnosis is often clinical

Surface cultures are often positive, rarely with the pathogen causing infection

Biopsies rarely positivity, infected areas often more inflamed from immune response rather than a lot of organisms

Pus is great

Blood cultures are good if infection is severe

40
Q

Abscess of skin - What bug?

A

S. Aureus

41
Q

Abscess in mouth/rectum/vagina?

A

Polymicrobial

42
Q

Cellulitis and erysipelas - what bug?

A

Strep pygoenes (Group A Strep)

43
Q

Also, consider the situation - meaning what?

A

Host, exposures, etc.

(Drug user, animal bite, hot tub use?

host and defense - exam 1 (14 decks)

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