Quiz 2 - Granger - Lower Resp Tract Infections

Question 1

What is the triad of infectious disease?

Answer 1

Host

Pathogen

Environment

Question 2

What are some examples of acquisition for the host?

Answer 2

Oropharyngeal colonization

-Strep, staph, anaerobes

Question 3

What are some examples of acquisition in the environment?

Answer 3

Airborne infections

-Influenza, legionella, endemic fungi

Question 4

What are some examples of acquisition of pathogens?

Answer 4

Plague bacillus
Anthrax bacillus
SARS virus

Question 5

Two types of pneumonia. Name them.

Answer 5

Acute

Chronic

Question 6

What is the defining factor b/t acute vs chronic pneumonia?

Answer 6

History

Acute - hours to days

Chronic - weeks to months

Question 7

Streptococcus pneumoniae causes what?

Answer 7

Typical acute pneumonia

Question 8

Atypical pneumonia are known as what?

Answer 8

Walking pneumonia

Question 9

What are other symptoms of typical acute pneumonia?

Answer 9

Hours to days of sickness

Chills, fever, wet cough

Lobar consolidation or segmental or subsegmental bronchopneumonia

Pleura often inflamed giving very painful stimuli on inspiration

Due to micro aspiration of URI colonizing bacteria

*Streptococcus pneumoniae (encapsulated gram + diplococci

Question 10

Walking pneumonia is caused mostly by what two organisms?

Answer 10

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Question 11

Environmentally acquired acute pneumonias are cause by 3 pathogens. Name them.

Answer 11

Legionella pneumophilia

Coxiella burnetii

Chlamydophila psittaci

Question 12

What are some non-beta-lactams?

Answer 12

Macrolides

Fluroquinolones

Tetracyclines

Question 13

Aspiration pneumonia symptoms?

Answer 13

Stupor, coma, or seizures

Focal infiltrates

Oropharyngeal flora

May be complicated by chronic pneumonia with lung abscess

Question 14

Community-acquired microbiology tendencies?

Answer 14

Gram positives

Anaerobes

Question 15

Hospital-acquired aspiration tendencies?

Answer 15

Gram-negatives

Question 16

Give me 4 oral anaerobic bacteria:

Gram + cocci

Gram + bacilli

Gram - cocci

Gram - bacilli

Answer 16

+Cocci - peptostreptococcus

+bacilli - actinomyces

• cocci - veillonella
• bacilli - fusobacterium

Question 17

Viral pneumonia is caused by what pathogens?

Answer 17

Influenza, parainfluenza, RSV, adenovirus, metapneumovirus, enterovirus, paraechovirus

*Common in children; rare in adults

**Bacterial pneumonia w/ or in the wake of influenza

Question 18

Three complications of acute bacterial pneumonia.

Answer 18

Necrotizing pneumonitis
-Death of lung parenchyma

Lung abscess
-excavation of lung parenchyma

Empyema
-Spread of infection into potential space b/t parietal and visceral pleura - this req’s drainage

Question 19

What is empyema?

Answer 19

Pleural space infection

Invasion of lung parenchyma

Drainage for solution to problem

Question 20

Lung abscess usually includes what in the lung?

Answer 20

Air-fluid filled abscess

Question 21

How is acute pneumonia treated?

Answer 21

Beta-lactam and a macrolide

Antivirals recommended during influenza season

Question 22

Tell me about chronic pneumonia.

Answer 22

Weeks to months, not days

NO EMPIRIC TREATMENT

Question 23

Tell me about tuberculosis.

Answer 23

Slow-growing acid-fast human (only) pathogen

Passed in cough droplets

Spreads to lymph nodes

Becomes dormant as host cell-mediated immunity develops

*Only comes from another human and only with humans, except for milk TB, which is very rare