Quiz 2 - Granger - Lower Resp Tract Infections Flashcards
What is the triad of infectious disease?
Host
Pathogen
Environment
What are some examples of acquisition for the host?
Oropharyngeal colonization
-Strep, staph, anaerobes
What are some examples of acquisition in the environment?
Airborne infections
-Influenza, legionella, endemic fungi
What are some examples of acquisition of pathogens?
Plague bacillus
Anthrax bacillus
SARS virus
Two types of pneumonia. Name them.
Acute
Chronic
What is the defining factor b/t acute vs chronic pneumonia?
History
Acute - hours to days
Chronic - weeks to months
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes what?
Typical acute pneumonia
Atypical pneumonia are known as what?
Walking pneumonia
What are other symptoms of typical acute pneumonia?
Hours to days of sickness
Chills, fever, wet cough
Lobar consolidation or segmental or subsegmental bronchopneumonia
Pleura often inflamed giving very painful stimuli on inspiration
Due to micro aspiration of URI colonizing bacteria
*Streptococcus pneumoniae (encapsulated gram + diplococci
Walking pneumonia is caused mostly by what two organisms?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Environmentally acquired acute pneumonias are cause by 3 pathogens. Name them.
Legionella pneumophilia
Coxiella burnetii
Chlamydophila psittaci
What are some non-beta-lactams?
Macrolides
Fluroquinolones
Tetracyclines
Aspiration pneumonia symptoms?
Stupor, coma, or seizures
Focal infiltrates
Oropharyngeal flora
May be complicated by chronic pneumonia with lung abscess
Community-acquired microbiology tendencies?
Gram positives
Anaerobes
Hospital-acquired aspiration tendencies?
Gram-negatives
Give me 4 oral anaerobic bacteria:
Gram + cocci
Gram + bacilli
Gram - cocci
Gram - bacilli
+Cocci - peptostreptococcus
+bacilli - actinomyces
- cocci - veillonella
- bacilli - fusobacterium
Viral pneumonia is caused by what pathogens?
Influenza, parainfluenza, RSV, adenovirus, metapneumovirus, enterovirus, paraechovirus
*Common in children; rare in adults
**Bacterial pneumonia w/ or in the wake of influenza
Three complications of acute bacterial pneumonia.
Necrotizing pneumonitis
-Death of lung parenchyma
Lung abscess
-excavation of lung parenchyma
Empyema
-Spread of infection into potential space b/t parietal and visceral pleura - this req’s drainage
What is empyema?
Pleural space infection
Invasion of lung parenchyma
Drainage for solution to problem
Lung abscess usually includes what in the lung?
Air-fluid filled abscess
How is acute pneumonia treated?
Beta-lactam and a macrolide
Antivirals recommended during influenza season
Tell me about chronic pneumonia.
Weeks to months, not days
NO EMPIRIC TREATMENT
Tell me about tuberculosis.
Slow-growing acid-fast human (only) pathogen
Passed in cough droplets
Spreads to lymph nodes
Becomes dormant as host cell-mediated immunity develops
*Only comes from another human and only with humans, except for milk TB, which is very rare
