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Host and Defense - Exam 1 > Exam 1 - Florell - Cutaneous Infections > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Florell - Cutaneous Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What does skin do?

A

Keep insides in and outsides out
-Protects from physical agents including UV light

Renewable, heals from injury

Largest sensory organ

TEMPERATURE REGULATION

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2
Q

What layer of the skin prevents water loss and chemical entry?

A

Stratum corneum

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3
Q

What layer repels physical insults?

A

Dermis

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4
Q

What feature of the skin protects underlying structures from injury?

A

Subcutaneous fat pads

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5
Q

___________ examination of the skin can predict histologic feature.

A

Clinical

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6
Q

_________ is a critical component in diagnosis of skin disease.

A

Histology

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7
Q

There are 4 divisions of cutaneous infections. Name them.

A

Bacterial

Viral

Fungal

Infestation

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8
Q

What are two examples of bacterial infections?

A

Impetigo

Folliculitis

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9
Q

What are three viral infections?

A

Herpesvirus

Molluscum contagiosum

Verruca vulgaris

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10
Q

What are three fungal infections?

A

Tinea versicolor

Tinea corporis

Deep fungal infections

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11
Q

What are two infestations?

A

Scabies

Myiasis

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12
Q

Normal skin flora is composed of aerobic ______, aerobic and anaerobic coryneform bacteria, gram _______ bacteria, and yeats.

A

Cocci

Negative

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13
Q

What is the most common coccus on the skin?

A

Staph epidermidis

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14
Q

What are some aerobic cocci found on skin?

A

S aureus

S saprophyticus

S epidermidis

Micrococcus luteus

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15
Q

A major function of the skin flora is the prevent skin ___________.

A

Infections

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16
Q

How does the skin prevent infections?

A

Ecological competition for microorganisms

Hydrolyzing lipid (sebum) produce free fatty acids which are toxic to many bacteria

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17
Q

Most cutaneous infections are caused by?

A

STAPH AUREUS

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18
Q

Honey yellow crusts around mouth/on face?

A

IMPETIGO

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19
Q

Impetigo involves which layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis

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20
Q

Impetigo is caused by what bacteria?

A

Staphylococcal (50-70%), strep, or mixed infection

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21
Q

What happens with impetigo?

A

Thin-walled vesicles become pustular and rupture (dead neutrophils) - leads to straw colored discharge that dries to form gold-yellow crusts

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22
Q

Treatment for impetigo?

A

Antibiotic ointment

Possible systemic antibiotic

23
Q

What is folliculitis?

A

Inflammation of the hair follicle - dome-shaped pustules around hair follicles

Can be bacterial, fungal, or viral

Usually bacterial - Staph aureus is most common

24
Q

Treatment of folliculitis?

A

Antibacterial soap

Topical or systemic antibiotics

25
Viruses are obligatory ____________ parasites.
Intracellular
26
A virus consists of what?
Central core of nucleic acid Protein coat (capsid) Sometimes an envelope
27
DNA viruses include what and what cells do they infect in the cutaneous tissue?
Herpesviruse, poxvirus, papovavirus (warts) Infect keratinocytes
28
RNA viruses include what and infect what cell in the cutaneous tissue?
Retroviruses (HIV, HTLV) Infect CD4+ T-lymphocytes
29
Vesicular applies developed on an erythematous base, confined to a specific dermatome?
Shingles *Herpesvirus **Can be confirmed with a Tzanck smear
30
A Tzanck smear, what is a positive result, and what is a negative result?
Positive: Multi-uncleared keratinocytes, peripheral margin inaction of chromatin (ground-glass appearance) Negative: This is a problem, re-test ??
31
What is the Herpes (Varicella) Zoster?
Reactivation of varicella zoster virus (chicken pox) -After first infection, VZV remains latent in DRG cells Immunosuppression, and/or age risk factors = viral replication and travel down sensory nerve into skin (which means it is usually confined to a single dermatome
32
Symptoms of shingles?
One to several days of pain, then papules of erythema, then vesicles and crusts Treatment: Antivirals
33
Describe the Herpesvirus?
DSDNA Herpes simplex type 1 and 2 Examples: Varicella, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Causes: Herpes labialis, genital herpes, herpetic whitlow (happens to dentists that are exposed to oral herpes)*, eczema herpeticum (this is one is life threatening)*
34
Tell me about Oral Hairy Leukoplakia.
Associated with Epstein-Barr Virus Occurs most commonly in HIV-infected patients, but can also be seen in other immunodeficiency states Treatment: Low morbidity, no treatment necessary, but antivirals like acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir may help
35
What virus causes molluscum contagiosum?
Poxvirus
36
Who is primarily affected by the poxvirus and how is it transmitted?
Young children, sexually-active adults, systemic T-cell immunosuppression (HIV) Transmitted by direct skin-to-skin contact, esp. if the skin is wet
37
How can molluscum be confirmed and what is the treatment?
HISTO - Henderson-Paterson bodies Treatment: It resolves itself w/in 2 years
38
What are the following? Verruca vulgaris? Verruca plantaris? Verruca plana? Condyloma?
Common wart Warts on balls of feet Warts on arm Genital warts
39
If a rash is scaly, what should be done?
KOH prep looking for fungal elements
40
What is the most common site for tinea versicolor to infect?
This is a fungus Upper trunk is most common *Excess heat and humidity predispose the area Treatment: Topical or systemic antifungal agents
41
What does annular mean?
Having the form of a ring
42
Dermatophyes can only survive on what?
Dead keratin - skin or hair or nails *Cannot survive in mouth or vagina where the startup corneum does not form **Tx is oral or topical antifungal agents
43
What forms the “Mariner’s Wheel?”
Paracoccidiomycosis
44
What does umbilicate mean?
Having an umbilicus or navel Central depression
45
What does vulgaris mean?
Being of the usual type; common
46
Paracoccidioidomycosis is what and how is it treated?
Deep fungal infection - Manifestation of a systemic infection - Introduced via puncture, abrasion, or trauma - Types: coccidiomycosis - SW US, paracoccidoidomycosis - South America, Histoplasmosis - Central US, North American blastomycosis, etc. **Tx - Systemic antifungal agents
47
Most opportunistic fungal disease is seen in pts with what?
Leukemia or other hematologic neoplasia
48
What is a key risk factor for invasive deep fungal infection?
Neutropenia -Also prolonged corticosteroid therapy, and solid organ transplantation
49
What are some life threatening infections?
Candidiasis Aspergillosis **Tx - Systemic antifungal agents
50
What layer of the skin can scabies mites be found?
Stratum corneum
51
What are scabies?
Itch mite - intense itching Oval, flat mite with dorsal spines Female deposits eggs in stratum corneum Contracted by contact, contaminated linens **Tx - Permethrin 5% cream, oral ivermectin
52
What symptoms does scabies cause?
Popular lesions, burrows, excoriations. Found on finger webs, wrists, hands, groins - Circle of Hebra
53
What is the Circle of Hebra?
Anatomic circle encompassing the axillae, elbow flexures, wrists, hands, and genital region
54
What is myiasis?
Infestation of human tissue by fly larvae Most commonly caused by the human botfly - female glues eggs to the body of mosquito, stablefly, or tick When the vector bites a human, larvae emerge and enter the puncture Larvae grow quite large and are removed via injection and scalpel or petrolatum

Host and Defense - Exam 1 (14 decks)

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