Quiz 3 Chapter 9 Learning and Conditioning

Question 1

Classical conditioning

Answer 1

Classical conditioning was first studied by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. In this type of learning, when a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US) that elicits a certain unconditioned response (CR), the neutral stimulus becomes associated with the US. The neutral stimulus then becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS), and has the capacity to elicit a conditioned response (CR) that is similar or related to the UR. Nearly any kind of involuntary response can become a CR.

Question 2

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 2

a stimulus that already elicits a certain response without additional learning.

Question 3

unconditioned response

Answer 3

a response elicited by unconditioned stimulus.

Question 4

neutral stimulus

Answer 4

a stimulus that does not typically cause a response.

Question 5

conditioned stimulus

Answer 5

An initially neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 6

conditioned response

Answer 6

a response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus; it occurs after the conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 7

stimulus generalization

Answer 7

after conditioning, the tendency to respond to a stimulus that resembles one involved in the original conditioning; in classical conditioning, it occurs whens a stimulus resembles the CS elicits the CR.

Question 8

stimulus discrimination

Answer 8

the tendency to respond differently to two or more similar stimuli; in classical conditioning, it occurs when a stimulus similar to the CS fails to evoke the CR.

Question 9

extinction

Answer 9

The weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned response; in classical conditioning, it occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus

Question 10

spontaneous recovery

Answer 10

The reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction.

Question 11

systematic desensitization

Answer 11

in behavior therapy , a step-by-step process of desensitizing a client to a feared object or experience; it is based on the classical conditioning procedure of counter-conditioning.