Quiz 3 chapter 8 memory

Question 1

What is confabulation?

Answer 1

Confabulation is the confusion of an event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you, or a belief that you remember something when it never actually happened.

Question 2

Three causes of confabulation.

Answer 2

The Three causes of confabulation are:

1. you have thought, heard, or told others about the imagined event many times. imagination inflation, your own active imagination inflated your belief that the event occurred as you assume it did.
2. The image of the event contains lots of details.
3. The event is easy to imagine.

Question 3

Eyewitness testimony

Answer 3

The reconstructive nature of memory makes memory vulnerable to suggestion. Eyewitness testimony is especially vulnerable to error when the suspect’s ethnicity differs from that of the witness, when leading questions are put to the witness, or when witnesses are given misleading information.

Question 4

What is explicit memory?

Answer 4

Explicit memory is the conscious, intentional recollection of an event or of an item of information. It is measured by recall and recognition.

Question 5

What is implicit memory?

Answer 5

Implicit memory is unconscious retention in memory, as evidenced by the effect of a previous experience or previously encountered information on current thoughts or actions.

Question 6

What is priming?

Answer 6

Priming is a method for measuring implicit memory in which a person reads or listens to information and is later tested to see whether the information affects performance on another type of task.

Question 7

What is the three box memory model?

Answer 7

the information-processing model of three separate memory systems- sensory, short-term, and long-term.

Question 8

What is the sensory register?

Answer 8

The sensory register is a memory system that momentarily preserves extremely accurate images of sensory information.

1. large capacity
2. contains sensory information
3. very brief retention of images ( up to 1/2 second for visual; 2 seconds for auditory.

Question 9

What is short-term memory?

Answer 9

Short-term memory is a limited-capacity memory system involved in the retention of incoming information for brief periods; it also holds information retrieved from long-term memory for temporary use.

1. limited capacity
2. brief storage of items (up to 30 seconds if no rehearsal)
3. Involved in conscious processing of information.

Question 10

What is long-term memory?

Answer 10

Long-term memory is the memory system involved in the long term storage of information.

1. Unlimited capacity
2. some memories are permanent.
3. Information organized and indexed.

Question 11

What is the “Leaky Bucket”?

Answer 11

It is how short term memory works because if the bucket did not leak it would quickly overflow because at any given moment, short-term memory can hold only so many items.

Question 12

What are chunks?

Answer 12

A chunk is a meaningful unit of information; it may be composed of smaller units.

Question 13

Strategies for remembering

Answer 13

rehearsal; read, recite & review; and Mnemonics

Question 14

Rehearsal

Answer 14

Rehearsal is the review or practice of material while you are learning it.
maintenance rehearsal : rote repetition of material to maintain its availability in memory.
elaborative rehearsal: association of new information with already stored knowledge and analysis of the new information to make it memorable.

Question 15

Read, recite, review

Answer 15

learning strategy, 3R method

Question 16

Mnemonics

Answer 16

mnemonics are strategies and tricks for improving memory, such as the use of a verse or formula.

Question 17

controversy around repressed memories

Answer 17

traumatic amnesia, which allegedly involves forgetting of specific traumatic events for long periods of time, is highly controversial, as is repression, the psychodynamic explanation of traumatic amnesia. Because these concepts lack good empirical support, psychological scientists are skeptical about their validity and about the accuracy of “recovered memories”. Critics argue that many therapists, unaware of the power of suggestion and the dangers of confabulation, have encouraged false memories of victimization.

Question 18

flashbulb memory

Answer 18

the vivid recollections of emotional and important events.