Quiz 3 Flashcards
Centrarchidae
- 2nd largest endemic family in NA
- half of the taxonomic richness is in NY (14 spp)
- includes Micropterus (bass)
Lepomis
- bluegill, sunfish, pumpkinseed
- laterally compressed, high pelvic fins, high maneuverability
Habitat of Lepomis family
-lakes, ponds, swamps, slow moving streams
Life histories of Lepomis family
- spring-summer spawners
- nest-builders and nest-guarders
- high degree of egg predation
Reproductive strategies of Lepomis
- fighters (larger and older)
- sneakers (smaller and younger)
- female mimics
Recruitment
-survival to a given life stage or to a fishery
Ecological factors
- varied and complex
- recruitment
- water level (affects spawning)
- temperature
- water clarity
- habitat structure
Impacts of bass tournaments on bass populations
- fish struggle produces stress
- lives wells take fish miles from point of capture
- out of water for more than 60 seconds
Salmonidae
- moderaley primitive family
- 3 subfamilies (whitefishes, salmon/trout/charr, graylings)
- soft fins
Whitefishes
- silvery
- round bodies with subterminal mouths
- occur in deeper and cooler lakes
- spawn in fall/early winter
Charrs (Brook trout)
- diverse, small, cool streams
- feed on insects/fish
- acid tolerant fish
Lake trout
- stock in Lake Erie was fished to extinction
- lamprey are a parasite
- programs developed to extripate lamprey in Great Lakes
Pacific salmon
- imported to great lakes to control alewife problem
- semelparous (except for rainbow trout)
- 13 or more anal fin rays
The salmons
- iteroparous
- can be FW only or anadromous
- all brackish water forms occur in Baltic Sea
Life cycle of the salmons
- egg
- alevins
- fry
- parr
- smolts
- adults
- kelts
- slobbers
Smoltification
-transformation of a salmon parr into a form that can tolerate seawater strength salinity
Osmoregulation
-the maintenance of electrolyte balance in the bloodstream and cells
Smolt transformation
- development of -chloride cells in gill filaments
- allows fish to excrete salts in seawater
Freshwater fish are:
Saltwater fish are:
- FW: hyperosmotic (gain h2o by diffusion)
- SW: hypoosmotic
How can salmon trace their way back home
- celestial navigation or receptors that sense magnetic anomalies
- ocean currents
- recognition of landmarks
- olfactory cues
How do salmon transport nutrients from the sea to FW
- transport carbon 13 that can only originate in saltwater
- transportation occurs when the fish dies and decomposes
intact system
-carbon 13 from salmon is spread far from river, including riparian zone and organisms there
Elasmobranchs
- sharks, skates, and rays
- primitive but highly specialized and successful
Buoyancy of elasmobrachs
- lack a swimbladder
- large oil filled livers
- swim constantly
- neutral density due to osmolarity of blood
- cartilaginous skeleton
three forms of respiration in elasmobrachs
- two pump system that draws water in through the mouth
- spiracles
- ram ventilation for fast moving sharks
hydrodynamics and movement in Elasmobranchs
- heterocercal tail
- placoid scales
Sensory systems in Elasmobranchs
- olifaction
- ampullae of Lorenzini (electroreception)
Teeth of sharks
- modified denticles
- can lose up to 30,000 teeth in their lifetime
- jaw hangs loosely attatched to cranium (hyostylic)
Reproduction in elasmobranchs
- ovipary
- ovovivipary
- viviparity
- some sharks are capable of parthenogenesis
Acipenseridae
- sturgeons
- 5 rows of bony scutes (ganoid scales)
- protrusible toothless mouth
- from the lower jurassic era
Biology of sturgeons
- benthic feeders
- pump water from an opening at top of operculum across gills when feeding
- barbels and sensory ampullae
Differences between sturgeon and shark
- sturgeon produce hundreds of thousands to millions of tiny eggs with no parental care
- don’t reproduce every year and have irregular spawning schedule (sturgeon)
