Quiz 3 Flashcards
Who founded the school of Structuralism?
William Wundt
Define Structuralism
Concerned with discovering the basic elements of consciousness
What are the 2 categories of consciousness?
Objective sensations- sight, sound, and taste were assumed to reflect the outside world
Subjective feelings- include emotional responses and mental images
Structuralism was used as a method of__.
Introspection
What did William James believe?
- Opposed structuralist idea that consciousness could be broken down
- Experience = a continuous “stream of consciousness”
What did William James accomplish?
- Wrote “The Principles of Psychology”- considered 1st modern psychology textbook
- Founded the school of functionalism
Define functionalism.
Concerned with how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment
William James proposed that ____ behavior patterns are ___ and ____ because they are ____.
1- adaptive
2- learned
3- maintained
4- successful
How did James B. Watson see consciousness?
Saw consciousness as a private event only known to the individual
What did James B. Watson believe?
If psychology were to be a natural science, it had to be limited to observable and measurable events
Who was the founder of the school of behaviorism?
James B. Watson
Who was the founder of the school of functionalism?
William James
What did B.F. Skinner introduce to behaviorism?
Reinforcement
What decade was the School of Gestalt Psychology around for?
1920s
What did the School of Gestalt study?
Studied the ways in which context influences people’s interpretation of information
- Based on idea that perceptions are more than the sums of their parts
