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Biomechanics > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Stance Phase

A

62% of cycle in normal gait; composed of initial contact, loading response, mid stance, terminal stance, and pre-swing

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2
Q

Swing Phase

A

38% of cycle in normal gait; composed of initial swing, mid swing, and terminal swing

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3
Q

Initial Contact

A

the moment the foot contacts the ground; part of weight acceptance

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4
Q

Initial Contact: Critical Event

A

heel first contact

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5
Q

Initial Contact: ROM

A

hip in 20 degrees of flexion; knee and ankle at 0 degrees

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6
Q

Initial Contact: Muscle Activity

A

Hip- extensors (isometric)
Knee- extensors (eccentric)
Ankle- dorsi flexors (eccentric)

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7
Q

Loading Response

A

weight is transferred onto the limb; knee slightly flexed; mainly eccentric quad contractions; double limb support; part of weight acceptance

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8
Q

Loading Response: Critical Event

A

controlled knee flexion

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9
Q

Loading Response: ROM

A

hip- 20 degrees flexion
knee- 20 deg flexion
ankle- 10 deg flexion

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10
Q

Loading Response: Muscle Activity

A

hip- extensors/abductors (isometric)
knee- extensors and
ankle- dorsiflexors
eccentric

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11
Q

Mid-Stance

A

push up until your body is straight; body in a straight line; not much muscle activity; single limb support; weight falling forward

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12
Q

Mid Stance: Critical Event

A

controlled tibial advancement; (body is straight up and down)

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13
Q

Mid Stance: Muscle Activity

A

right when the calf will start working; from here until end of stance the calf is working at its hardest

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14
Q

Terminal Stance:

A

progression continues moving the body forward of the limb and weight is transferred to the forefoot; largest torque demand; calf working a ton; single limb support

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15
Q

Terminal Stance: Critical Event

A

controlled ankle dorsiflexion (maximum dorsiflexion)

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16
Q

Terminal Stance: ROM

A

hip-20 degrees extension
Knee- 0
Ankle- 10 degrees dorsiflexion

17
Q

Terminal Stance; Muscular Activity

A

Hip- none
Knee- none
Ankle- plantar flexors eccentrically (controlled dorsiflexion)

18
Q

Pre-Swing

A

maximal plantar flexion (up on their toes and about to bring foot off the ground); the limb is unloaded quickly as weight is shifted to the opposite leg; part of swing limb advancement; knee bends

19
Q

Pre-Swing: critical event

A

knee flexion at 40 degrees

20
Q

pre-Swing: ROM

A

hip-none
knee- 40 degrees flexion
Ankle- 20 degrees plantar flexion (maximum)

21
Q

Pre-Swing: Muscle activity

A

hip- adductors (and passive hip flexion)
Knee- none
Ankle- none

22
Q

Initial Swing

A

where the reference limb is bisected by the non-reference limb; the foot comes off the ground and the femur begins to advance forward; concentric contractions begin!

23
Q

Initial Swing: Critical Event

A

knee at maximum flexion of 60 degrees

24
Q

Initial Swing: ROM

A

hip-10 deg flexion
knee- 60 deg flexion
ankle- 5 deg plantar flexion

25
Q

Initial Swing: Muscle Activity

A

hip-flexors (concentric)
knee- flexors (concentric)
ankle- dorsiflexors (concentric)

26
Q

Mid Swing

A

the knee begins to extend and the foot clears the ground as the femur continues to advance; the tibia is vertical

27
Q

Mid-Swing: Critical Event

A

vertical tibia; further hip flexion and foot dorsiflexion

28
Q

Mid-Swing: ROM

A

hip-20 degrees flexion
knees- 30 deg flexion
ankle- 0

29
Q

Mid-Swing: Muscle Activity

A

hip-flexors initially
knee- extensors
ankle- dorsiflexors
all concentric

30
Q

Terminal Swing

A

the knee is fully extended as the lower extremity prepares to contact the ground; just like the initial contact but right before the heel hits the ground

31
Q

Terminal Swing: Critical Event

A

knee extension in neutral

32
Q

Terminal Swing: ROM

A

hip- 20 deg flexion
knee- 0
ankle- 0

33
Q

Terminal Swing: muscle activity

A

hip- extensors (eccentric)
knee- extensors (concentric)
ankle- dorsiflexors (isometric)

34
Q

Weight Acceptance

A

includes initial contact and loading response when both feet are touching the ground; involves rapid loading of an outstretched limb; calf on non-reference leg works to slow down; initial double limb support

35
Q

Single Limb Support

A

the period when the body is supported by one limb and includes midstance and terminal stance

36
Q

Swing Limb Advancement

A

the limb is unloaded and moves from behind to the front of the body in preparation for the next step and includes pre-swing and all of the swing phases

37
Q

Cadence

A

men: 108 steps/minute
women: 116 steps/min

38
Q

Walking Gait Velocity

A

80m/min (3.0 mph)

Biomechanics (7 decks)

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