Quiz 3 Flashcards
Two types of nuclei that contain the cell bodies of CN III
- The general somatic efferent nerve cell bodies are located in the OCULOMOTOR nucleus.
- The oculomotor nucleus is loc. in the MIDBRAIN at the level of the superior colliculus.
What types of fibers originate within each nucleus.
The general visceral efferent fibers originate in the EDINGER WESTPHAL nucleus located in the midbrain. The preganglionic PS fibers travel with the INFERIOR DIVISION OF CN III to synapse in the CILIARY ganglion. Post ganglionic PS fibers leave the ciliary ganglion via the SHORT CILIARY nerves to innervate the sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles.
CN III travels within the _____ of the cavernous sinus and enters the ______ to access the orbit. Within the orbit, where it divides into the superior and inferior branches.
- lateral wall
2. superior orbital fissure
The superior branch of CN III supplies:
the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles.
The inferior branch of CN III supplies:
medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles.
Describe the afferent limb of the pupillary light reflex:
light on retina –> CN II–> brain (pretectal nuclei in rostral midbrain)
Describe the efferent limb of the pupillary light reflex:
brainstem (edinger westphal nucleus)–> CN III (inferior division) –> ciliary ganglion –>short ciliary nerves –>sphincter pupillae
Describe the afferent limb of the pupillary dark reflex
no light on retina –> CN II–> brain (pretectal nuclei in rostral midbrain)
Describe the efferent limb of the pupillary dark reflex
brain –> spinal cord–> cervical sympathetic chain –> superior cervical ganglion –> internal carotid plexus
A. sympathetic root–> ciliary ganglion (no synapse) short ciliary nerves–> dilator pupillae
B. V1–> nasociliary nerve –> long ciliary nerves –> dilator pupillae
General sensory afferent fibers of the trigeminal nerve - cell bodies are located in the ____ ganglion
trigeminal
General sensory affarent for trigeminal include:
a. face
b. scalp
c. auricle
d. external aucostic meatus
e. nose
f. paranasal sinuses
g. mouth -general sensation, not taste sensation (except posterior 1/3 of tongue)
h. dura mater
Special visceral efferent cell bodies of the trigeminal nerve are located in the ____ nucleus
cell bodies in motor nucleus of CN V in pons
Special visceral efferent of the trigeminal include:
muscles of mastication
mylohyoid
anterior belly of digastric
tensor tympani
The trigeminal ganglion sits on the petrous portion of the temporal bone in the ___ cranial fossa
middle
What are the 3 different types of hitchhiking fibers of CN V:
- Postganglionic parasympathetics from parasympathetic ganglia to target organs.
- postganglionic sympathetics from ciliary and pterygopalatine ganglia to target organs.
- SA (taste) from anterior 2/3 of tongue.
V1- opthalmic division exits cranial fossa by traveling through the ____ of the cavernous sinus. Gives off ____ before passing through the superior orbital fissure
lateral wall; recurrent meningeal branch
What are 5 structures that receive general affarent innervation from V1
- cornea
- lacrimal gland
- skin of forehead
- scalp
- eyelids
- nose
- paranasal sinuses
- dura of anterior and posterior cranial fossa
List the 4 different branches of CN V1 and the structures that they supply and sub branches if present
- Meningeal branch: dura of anterior cranial fossa
- Frontal nerve: scalp, forehead, frontal sinus, upper eyelid
a. Supra orbital
b. Supratrochlear - Lacrimal nerve: lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, skin of upper eyelid
a. receives hitchiking fibers from pterygopalatine ganglion for innervation of lacrimal gland –>travel in V2 of zygomatic - Nasociliary nerve:
a. short ciliary nerves: postganglionic PS fibers form cornea and iris
b. Long ciliary nerves: postganglionic sympathetic fibers; affarent fibers form cornea and iris
c. Anterior ethmoidal nerve: general affarents from ethmoidal air cells, tip of nose
d. Posterior ethmoidal nerve: general affarents from sphenoidal sinus, and dura of anterior cranial fossa
e. Infratrochlear nerve: general afferents from root of nose
V2- maxillary division exits the cranial cavity through _____ and enters the orbit through_____
foramen rotundum; inferior orbital fissure aka infraorbital nerve
What are the four different branches of CN V2 and the structures they supply and sub branches if present:
- Meningeal branch: dura of middle cranial fossa
- Zygomatic nerve:
a. Zygomaticotemporal
b. Zygomaticofacial - Infraorbital nerve:
a. Anterior superior alveolar nerve
b. Middle superior alveolar - Hitchhiking fibers: greater and lesser palatine nerves (special afferent/taste fibers)
List the different branches of CN V3 and the structures they supply and sub branches
- Buccal: Pierces buccinator, affarents from skin of cheek.
- Lingual:
a. joined by chorda tympani of CN 7
b. Suspends submandibular ganglion
c. Carries hitchiking fibers to submandibular & sublingual glands - Inferior alveolar:
a. general affarents from chin, lower lip, lower teeth
b. general efferents to mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric - Muscular branches of V3:
a. masseteric
b. temporal
c. medial pterygoid
d. lateral pterygoid - Meningeal branch: dura of middle cranial fossa
- Auriculotemporal:
a. arises from two roots that meet around the middle meningeal artery
b. passes through parotid gland to convey hitchiking postganglionic PS fibers from otic ganglion
c. affarents form auricle, EAM, parotid gland, temple
CN 7 consists of a large ____ root and a smaller ___ root
motor; sensory
The two roots enter the _____ part of the temporal bone through the ____
petrous; internal acoustic meatus
CN 7 forms the _____ ganglion within the
geniculate; general afferent and special affarent cell bodies.
What are the branches of CN 7 within the fascial canal and what type of fibers do they carry and where are the fibers destined
- Greater petrosal: Travels through the petrous part of the temporal bone to exit into the middle cranial fossa. It carries preganglionic PS fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion.
- nerve to stapedius: General efferents to stapedius
- Chorda tympani: joins the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa. It carries preganglionic PS fibers for the submandibular ganglion and special affarent fibers for taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue.
Within the parotid gland, CN 7 gives off a ______ branch, as well as branches to the muscles of fascial expression.
Posterior auricular branch
What are the five branches of CN 7 for muscles of fascial expression
- Temporal
- Zygomatic
- Buccal
- Mandibular
- Cervical
Fascial nerve stimulates _____ via the greater petrosal nerve, and ______ via the chorda tympani nerve
lacrimation, salivation
Greater petrosal nerve carries ______ fibers to the _____ gland
Preganglionic PS; lacrimal
They are joined by the ______ nerve, which carries _____ fibers from the internal carotid plexus to form the nerve of the _____ canal
deep petrosal nerve; postganglionic sympathetic fibers; pterygoid canal
The postganglionic PS and traveling sympathetic fibers travel to the lacrimal gland by hitchhiking with the _____ and ____ nerves
zygomatic and lacrimal
The chorda tympani carries _____ fibers to the ____ and ___gland
postganglionic parasympathetic; submandibular and sublingual salivary gland
The chorda tympani carries special afferent fibers from the _____ of the tongue
anterior 2/3
The _______ fibers of chorda tympani hitchike with the ____branch of V3 and synapse in the _____ganglion
preganglionic parasympathetic fibers ; lingual; submandibular
____fibers of chorda tympani are distributed by branches of the lingual nerve to the ___ and ____ glands
Postganglionic PS; submandibular and sublingual glands
CN 7 is vulnerable to swelling within the ____
fascial canal
The consequence of injury to CN 7 at stylamastoid foramen:
Bell’s palsy
The consequence of injury to CN 7 within fascial canal prior to branching of chorda tympani in infratemporal fossa:
Bells palsy, decrease in salivation, loss of taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue, hyperacusis
Injury to chorday tympani in infratemporal fossa prior to its junction with lingual nerve:
decrease in salivation, loss of taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
injury to zygomatic nerve within the orbit
loss of lacrimation, and facial anesthesia of upper cheek and anterior temple
Glossopharyngeal nerve exits via the ____
jugular foramen
Carries visceral efferent fibers to the
parotid gland
Carries visceral affarent fibers from the _____and the _____
carotid body and carotid sinus
Carries special afferents for taste from the ____
posterior 1/3 of tongue
The tympanic nerve re enters______ of temporal bone and travels within the middle ear. It carries_____ fibers which form the _____ plexus inside the middle ear to become the ____nerve. Upon leaving the ______ganglion, the _____fibers are distributed by the ______nerve to the ____gland.
petrous; preganglionic PS fibers; tympanic plexus; lesser petrosal nerve. Otic; postganglionic PS fibers; auriculotemporal; parotid
The carotid sinus branch carries ____fibers
visceral affarent
The pharyngeal branch carries ____fibers from the pharngeal mucosa
general affarent
The vagus nerve exits cranial cavity through the
jugular foramen
The vagus nerve carries GE fibers to muscles of the
pharynx, soft palate, and laryngeal muscles
The vagus nerve carries visceral efferent fibers to the
mucosal glands
The vagus nerve carries general affarents from
skin of deep ear, EAM, and dura of posterior cranial fossa.
The vagus nerve carries visceral affarents from the
aortic arch, carotid body and carotid sinus
Branches of vagus nerve:
- Pharyngeal branch
- carotid body branch
- Superior laryngeal nerve
a. internal laryngeal branch
b. external laryngeal branch
c. cardiac branches
d. right recurrent laryngeal: loops under first part of subclavian artery (root of neck)
e. left recurrent laryngeal branch: loops under aortic branch (thorax)
The ____ nerve forms the affarent limb of the gag reflex while the ____ nerve forms the efferent limb of the gag reflex.
glossopharngeal; vagus
What is the carotid body? What is its function
A small mass on medial side of bifurcation of the common carotid artery that functions as a chemoreceptor to monitor level of oxygen in the blood.
What is the carotid sinus? Its function?
A slight dilation at the beginning of ICA that functions as a baroreceptor that reacts to changes in arterial blood pressure.
What are vagus nerve lesions due to?
Tumors or hemmorhages
What are the most common symptoms of vagus nerve lesions
Impairment of speaking/swallowing
Injury to laryngeal branches of X are usually due to complications during ___surgery. The injury can cause ____ if the damage is unilateral and ____if the damage is bilateral
thyroid surgery. hoarseness; aphonia
What are the external ear components
- auricle
- EAM
- auditory canal
- tympanic membrane
What are the middle ear components
cavity within petrous part of temporal bone, lined with mucosa, contains ear ossicles.
What are the internal ear components
semicircular canals, cochlea,
The 3 ossicles of the ear are:
malleus, incus, stapes
Pain from tympanic membrane mainly carried in
auriculotemporal branch of V3
Middle ear is _____filled, primary function is ______conduction of sound to fluid filled internal ear.
Air; mechanical
Muscles; name and function
- tensor tympani: dampens vibrations of tympanic membrane
2. Stapedius: Dampens osscillations of stapes
Which two nerves pass through the middle ear:
- Lesser petrosal nerve: branch of typmanic plexus –>otic ganglion
- chorda tympani –> branch of VII –> submandibular ganglion
Between which two structures does the fascial canal run
cochlea and semicircular canals of internal ear
What is ottis media? What is it usually caused by?
Infection with inflammation of the ear that results in fluid buildup in the middle ear, which puts pressure on the tympanic membrane.
Caused by viral infection, adenoids.
Symptoms include pain, fever, headache, diziness, hearing loss, clear fluid draining from external ear
Complications: ear drum rupture, permanent damage to tympanic membrane, hearing loss
All paranasal sinuses are lined with _____ and have openings into the nasal cavity
respiratory epithelium
The small ethmoid sinuses form 3 clusters named the _____ ____ and ____-
anterior, middle, and posterior ethmoidal air cells.
The sphenoid sinus opens into the ____ which lies above the ____concha
sphenoethmoidal recess; superior concha
Structures that open in superior meatus
posterior ethmoidal cells
structures that open in middle meatus
frontal sinus, middle ethmoidal air cells, anterior ethmoidal air cells, maxillary sinus
Structures that open in inferior meatus
nasolacrimal duct
