Intro to Skull Flashcards
Where are the 6 fontanelles
- Frontal (on top in coronal suture)
- Occipital (lambdoid suture)
- Paired Sphenoid fontanelle (below the anterior fontanel)
- Paired mastoid fontanels (posterolateral sides of the skull)
What are the two main parts that the skull can be divided into?
Cranium and mandible
How can the skull can be further subdivided into?
Skeloton of the face =viscerocranium
Bones surrounding the brain = neurocranium
What are the 8 paired bones of the skull
- Parietals
- Temporals
- Zygomatics
- Palatine
- Lacrimals
- Nasals
- Inferior Nasal conchae
- Maxillae
What are the 6 unpaired bones of the skull?
- Occipital
- Frontal
- Sphenoid
- Ethmoid
- Mandible
- Vomer
What bones make up the sphenoid
- Greater wing
- Lesser wing
- Superior orbital fissure
- Body
- Pterygoid canals
- pterygoid processes
- Medial pterygoid plate
- Lateral pterygoid plate
- sella turcica
What makes up the ethmoid
- Perpendicular plate
- Cribiform plate
- Crista galli
- Orbital plate
- Superior and middle nasal conchae
What makes up the mandible
- Coronoid process
- Condylar process
- Lingula
- Mandibular canal
- Ramus
- Angle
- Body
- Mental foramen
- Symphysis
What are the major openings and cavities
- External auditory meatus
- Orbit
- Piriform aperture (nose)
- Oral cavity
- Foramen magnum
- Opening of zygomatic arch
- Choanae (nostrils)
What are the fossas
- Temporal fossa: made by the superior and inferior temporal line
- Infratemporal fossa: Inferior to the zygomatic arch, deep to temporalis and ramus of mandible
- Pterygopalatine fossa: deep to the infratemporal fossa and superficial to the posterior part of the nasal cavities
- Pterygomaxillary fissure: Deep to the pterygopalatine fossa, between greater wings of sphenoid and posterior maxillary sinus walls.
What are the interior cranial fossas
Anterior cranial fossa: Bounded by frontal bone and lesser wings of sphenoid
Middle cranial fossa: Bounded by lesser wings of sphenoid and ridge of petrous portion of temporal bone
Posterior cranial fossa: Bounded by ridge of petrous portion of temporal bone to occipital bone
What is the coronal suture
Between the frontal and parietal bones going diagonally
What is the sagittal suture
Between the parietal bones going straight down vertically
What is the lambdoid suture
between the occipital and parietal bones going diagonally
What makes up the cruciate structure
Its the cross shaped suture on the hard palate that consists of: the intermaxillary suture, maxillary-palatine suture and the interpalatine suture
what is craniosynostosis
Premature cranial suture closure which impacts shape of the head, can impact dental crowding, brain development, and TMJ articulation
What is the pterion
Where the temporal, sphenoid, parietal and frontal bones approximate each other. A blow here causes the middle meningeal artery to rupture –> epidural bleeding in brain
What is the porion
Top middlemost point above the external auditory meatus
What is the asterion
Where the mastoid portion of the temporal occipital, and parietal bones meet
What is the lambda
Top of the triangle of the lambdoidal suture
Where is the vertex
Topmost point of skull, wherever found along the sagittal suture
WHere is the basion
Anterior-middlemost point of the foramen magnum
Where is the inion
external occipital protuberance
What is the glabella
(on forehead) forward most point above nasion wherever found mid sagitally
What is the nasion
Intersection of frontonasal suture with internasal suture
What is the bregma
Intersection of coronal and sagittal suture
What soft tissue structure goes through the supra orbital notch/foramen
supra orbital n. and vessels
what soft tissue structure goes through the optic canal
optic nerve and opthalmic artery
What soft tissue structure goes through superior orbital fissure
Oculomotor n, trochlear n, abducent n, opthalmic n of V1, superior and inferior opthalmic veins
What soft tissue structure goes through inferior orbital fissure
infra orbital n and vessels, zygomatic n, and inferior opthalmic vein
What soft tissue structure goes through nasolacrimal canal
nasolacrimal duct
what soft tissue structure goes through incisive foramina
nasopalatine n and sphenopalatine vessels
What goes through foramen spinosum
middle meningeal artery and and meningeal branch of V3
What soft tissue structure goes through carotid canal
internal carotid a and sympathetic plexus
What soft tissue structure is associated with the jugular foramen
Internal jugular vein, inferior petrosal sinus, glossopharyngeal, vagus, and spinal accessory nerve
What soft tissue structure goes through the mastoid foramen
emissary veins
