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head and neck anatomy > Orbit > Flashcards

Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 bones of the orbit

A

SFLMEPZ

  1. Sphenoid
  2. Frontal
  3. Lacrimal
  4. Maxillary
  5. Ethmoid
  6. Palatine
  7. Zygomatic
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2
Q

What is a blow out fracture

A

Floor of the orbit is broken and the globe recedes inward, usually to blunt/penetrating trauma

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3
Q

What is the orbital septum…where is it located and what is its significance

A

A fibrous membrane that becomes continuous with the periosteum of the orbital margins. It is crucial in preventing the spread of infection into the orbit.

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4
Q

The nasolacrimal sac conveys lacrimal fluid from the _____ to the _______

A

lacrimal sac to the inferior nasal meatus

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5
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of the levator palpebrae superioris

A

Origin: lesser wing of sphenoid
Insertion: Superior tarsus and skin of upper eyelid
Innervation: Superior division of CN III

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6
Q

What is the primary action of the levator palpebrae superioris

A

Elevates upper lid

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7
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of the superior rectus

A

Origin: Common tendinous ring.
Insertion: Antero superior half of eye
Innervation: Superior division of CN III

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8
Q

What is the primary, secondary, and tertiary action of the superior rectus

A

Primary: Elevation
Secondary: Intorsion
Tertiary: Adduction

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9
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of inferior rectus

A

Origin: Common tendinous ring
Insertion: Antero inferior half of eye
Innervation: Inferior division of CN III

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10
Q

What is the primary, secondary, and tertiary action of inferior rectus

A

Primary: Depression
Secondary: Extorsion
Tertiary: Adduction

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11
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of medial rectus

A

Origin: common tendinous ring
Insertion: Anterio medial half of eye
Innervation: Inferior division of CN III

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12
Q

What is the primary action of medial rectus

A

adduction

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13
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of lateral rectus

A

Origin: Common tendinous ring
Insertion: antero lateral half of eye
Innervation: CN VI (abducens)

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14
Q

What is the action of the lateral rectus

A

abduction

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15
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of superior oblique

A

Origin: Body of sphenoid
Insertion; sclera deep to superior rectus
Innervation: CN 4 (trochlear)

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16
Q

What is the primary, secondary and tertiary action of the superior oblique

A

Primary: Intorsion
Secondary: Depression
Tertiary: Abduction

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17
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of the inferior oblique

A

Origin: Antero medial floor of orbit
Insertion; sclera deep to lateral rectus
Innervation: Inferior division of CN III

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18
Q

What is the primary, secondary and tertiary action of inferior oblique

A

Primary: Extorsion
Secondary: Elevation
Teriary: Abduction

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19
Q

SO, IO, and Lateral rectus hold the eye ____

A

abducted

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20
Q

H test for the SO and IO muscles:

  1. Patient directs eye ______
  2. Patient looks ________ to test the IO
  3. Patient looks _______ to test the SO
A
  1. medially
  2. UP
  3. Down
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21
Q

Superior, inferior, and medial recti hold the muscles

A

adducted

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22
Q

H test for the SR and IR muscles:

  1. Patient directs eye in question _______
  2. Patient looks ____ to test the SR
  3. Patient looks _____ to test the IR
A
  1. laterally
  2. UP
  3. Down
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23
Q

RAD SIN stands for?

A

Recti adduct, superiors intort

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24
Q

When eye is adducted, SO _____eye and IO ___ the eye

A

depresses the eye and IO raises the eye

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25
Q

When eye is abducted, SR ____ the eye and IR _____ the eye

A

raises, depresses

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26
Q

What type of deviation do you get with a CN III palsy and what is the common etiology

A

Eye is down and out with dilated pupil and complete ptosis - suspect aneurysm in PCA

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27
Q

What type of deviation do you get with a CN IV palsy and what is the common etiology

A

Eye is hyper, can see head tilt to opposite side of palsy - congenital or traumatic

28
Q

What type of deviation do you get with a CN VI palsy and what is the common etiology

A

Eye is deviated towards nose. Usually traumatic, elevated ICP, ischemia from DM.

29
Q

Blood supply to the eye is from the ____ artery which branches from the ____artery

A

Opthalmic, internal carotid

30
Q

What are the 10 arteries of the orbit

A

A P C D M L L S S S

  1. Anterior Ethmoidal
  2. Posterior Ethmoidal
  3. Central retinal artery
  4. Dorsal nasal
  5. Medial palpebral arteries
  6. Lacrimal
  7. Long posterior ciliary arteries
  8. Short posterior ciliary arteries
  9. Supra orbital a
  10. Supra trochlear
31
Q

what structures do the arteries of the orbit supply

A
  1. anterior ethmoidal: ethmoidal air cells, frontal sinus, nasal cavity, external nose
  2. Posterior ethmoidal: ethmoidal sinuses and nasal cavity
  3. Central retinal artery: Pierces CN II, and perfuses retina
  4. Dorsal nasal: Terminal branch to root of nose and lacrimal sac
  5. Medial palpebral: Central to arcades in upper and lower eyelids
  6. Lacrimal: Lacrimal gland
  7. Long posterior ciliary a.: ciliary body and iris
  8. Short posterior ciliary a: choroid
  9. Supra orbital: forehead and anterior scalp
    10: Supra trochlear:forehead and anterior scalp
32
Q

Venous drainage of the eyes is via the ___ and ___, which drain into the _____

A

inferior and superior opthalmic veins, cavernous sinus

33
Q

Aqueous humor is secreted in the ____chamber by the _______. It enters the ______chamber through the ______ and drains through the ________ into the ______

A

posterior chamber, ciliary processes.

anterior chamber, pupil, trabecular meshwork, scleral venous channels

34
Q

Dilator pupillae fibers are oriented in a ____ manner. This muscle is a ____ muscle that is innervated by the ______ system whose contraction causes pupillary _______

A

radial.

smooth, sympathetic, dilation

35
Q

Sphincter pupillae fibers are oriented in a ______ pattern around the ____. this muscle is innervated by _______fibers. Its contraction causes pupillary _______

A

circumferential, pupillary margin.
post ganglionic parasympathetic.
Meiosis

36
Q

The intraocular lens is composed of ____ and _____. Cataracts are result of the breakdown of the _____

A

water and proteins.

lens proteins

37
Q

The vitreous is mainly composed of ____ and ____. It does not contain any _____

A

water and collagen fibers.

blood vessels

38
Q

The anterior chamber is located between the _____ and the ____

A

iris and the cornea

39
Q

Central retinal vein drains _____, leaves through _____, drains into _____

A

retina, CN II, superior opthalmic vein.

40
Q

Vorticose veins, usually ____ in number, one from each quadrant of the _____. They pierce the sclera and drain into the ____ and _____

A

4, choroid.

superior and inferior opthalmic veins

41
Q

What is the pathway of the efferent stimulation of the lacrimal gland

A

General visceral efferent fibers travel from CN VII –> greater petrosal nerve –>nerve of pterygoid canal –>pterygopalatine ganglion –>”hitchhike” with V2 branch (zygomatic) –>infraorbital fissure –> lacrimal nerve (V1) –> lacrimal gland

42
Q

What are the three types of tears and the purpose of each

A
  1. Basal: Lubrication, cleaning, removal of bacteria (normal PS stimulation)
  2. Reflex: From irritation, wash irritants from the cornea
  3. Emotional: From emotional stress
43
Q

Affarent = ____

Efferent =_______

A

trigeminal, fascial

44
Q

Contraction of the ciliary muscle ______ the size of the ciliary body, which ___ the zonular fibers, causing the IOL to ____ for accomodation

A

decreases, loosens, thicken

45
Q

V lesions

A

Reflex lacrimation is lost, but emotional and basal lacrimation are retained

46
Q

VII lesions

A

Proximal to the geniculate ganglion; all lacrimation is lost, but tarsal, sebaceous, and conjunctival glands can sometimes keep eye lubricated.

47
Q

The floor of the temporal fossa is formed by parts of the four bones that form the pterion:

A

frontal, temporal, parietal, and greater wing of sphenoid.

48
Q

What are the soft tissue structures found in the infratemporal fossa

A
  1. Artery: Maxillary artery
  2. Venous plexus: Pterygoid plexus
  3. Nerves: Mandibular, inferior alveolar, lingual, buccal, and chorda tympani nerves
  4. ganglion: otic
49
Q

What is the TMJ?

A

A synovial joint that allows gliding, rotation, flexion (elevation), and extension (depression) of the mandible.

50
Q

What are the 6 components of the TMJ

A
  1. Mandibular condyles
  2. Articular surfaces of the temporal bone
  3. Capsule: Dense fibrous membrane that surrounds the joint.
  4. Articular disc: Fibrocartilgenous tissue separating the 2 bones of the TMJ
  5. Ligaments: 3; define farthest extensions of the mandible
  6. Lateral pterygoid muscle: Pull mandible forward (protractor)
51
Q

The bony articular surfaces of the TMJ are the _______ of the temporal bone and head of thee ____

A

mandibular fossa, mandible

52
Q

The orientation of the jaw for each action

  1. Depression _____
  2. Elevation ____
  3. Protrusion ________
  4. Retraction _________
A
  1. Opening
  2. Closing
  3. Mandible moves anteriorly
  4. Mandible moves posteriorly
53
Q

What are the true muscles of mastication and their function and innervation

A
  1. Temporalis: Elevator, retractor - motor root of CN V3 (deep temporal branches)
  2. Masseter: Elevator, retractor - motor root of CN V3, (masseteric n)
  3. Medial pterygoid: Elevator, protractor, motor root of CN V3 (medial pterygoid n)
  4. Lateral pterygoid: Depressor, protractor, motor root of CN V3 (lateral pterygoid n)
54
Q

What are the accessory muscles of mastication and their innervation

A
  1. Digastric muscle: Anterior belly inn. by V3, posterior belly inn. by V2
  2. Buccinator: CN VII
  3. Tongue: CN IX
  4. Orbicularis oris: CN VII
55
Q

List all the nerves found in the infratemporal fossa

A
  1. Buccal
  2. Muscular branches of V3
  3. Inferior alveolar nerve
  4. Nerve to mylohyoid
  5. Lingual nerve
  6. Chorday tympani
  7. Auricotemporal nerve
56
Q

Identify all the branches of the maxillary artery

A
  1. buccal
  2. masseteric
  3. Middle meningeal
  4. infraorbital
  5. mental
57
Q

What is the name of the groove that runs from the mandibular foramen down toward the bottom of the mandible?

A

Mylohyoid groove

58
Q

What is the soft tissue structures associated with this groove

A

Nerve to the mylohyoid which is a branch off the inferior alveolar nerve from V3.

59
Q

List the 9 branches of the mandibular division of CN V

A
  1. Buccal
  2. Lingual
  3. Inferior alveolar
  4. Auriculotemporal
  5. masseteric
  6. meningeal branch
  7. Nerve to medial petrygoid
  8. Nerve to lateral pterygoid
  9. Deep temporal nerves
60
Q

What are the following answers pertaining to in regards to the parotid gland

  1. Location
  2. Blood supply
  3. General afferent innervation
  4. Preganglionic parasympathetic
  5. Ganglion
  6. Postganglionic parasympathetic
  7. Sympathetic
A
  1. Side of face
  2. External carotid artery, superficial temporal artery
  3. Auriculotemporal nerve, great auricular nerve
  4. tympanic nerve and lesser petrosal nerve
  5. Otic
  6. Auriculotemporal nerve
  7. external carotid a plexus
61
Q

What are the following answers pertaining to in regards to the submandibular gland

  1. Location
  2. blood supply
  3. General affarent innervation
  4. preganglionic parasympathetic
  5. ganglion
  6. postganglionic parasympathetic
  7. sympathetic
A
  1. sublingual and submandibular spaces
  2. submental branch of fascial artery
  3. Lingual nerve (V3)
  4. Chorda tympani (V2)
  5. SUbmandibular
  6. Lingual nerve (V3)
  7. External carotid a plexus
62
Q

What does the frontal sinus do

A

These spaces fill up with mucus, which then drain into the nose. The draining process can be hindered by blockages, which often causes an inflammation of the frontal sinus. As mucus accumulates, this can cause infections.

63
Q

What does the ethmoid sinus do

A

is located between the nose and eyes. It is very small at birth and becomes walnut-sized during puberty. The primary function of the ethmoid sinus, like all the sinus cavities in the skull, is to provide lubrication (mucus) to the inner nose

64
Q

What does the sphenoid sinus do

A

The pituitary gland is housed in the sphenoid bone in the median section. This is also housed in the sella turcica.

65
Q

What does the maxillary sinuses do

A

The largest of the paranasal sinuses and located below the cheeks. Maxillary sinusitis or an infection of the maxillary sinus can have the following symptoms: Fever Pain or pressure in face near the cheek bones Toothache Runny nose Sinusitis is the most common of maxillary sinus illnesses and is usually treated with prescription antibiotics. .

head and neck anatomy (8 decks)

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