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DPT 500 > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Somatosensory pathways process information about what?

A

somatic sensations - pain, temperature, touch, proprioception & vibration

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2
Q

dorsal column/medial lemniscus pathway

A

light touch & conscious proprioception

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3
Q

anterolateral column/spinothalamic tract

A

discrimintive (fast) nocioception & temperature & crude touch

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4
Q

what is light touch?

A

the localization of touch & vibration & the ability to discriminate between two closely space points touching the skin

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5
Q

light touch is sensed by what? and what are they called?

A

mechanoreceptors

merkel disks & meisner corpuscles in the upper dermis

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6
Q

what is conscious proprioception?

A

the awareness of the movements & relative position of body parts

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7
Q

conscious proprioception is sensed by what? and where are they?

A

mechanoreceptors

muscles (muscle spindles), tendon/muscle junctions (golgi tendons), & deep dermis (ruffini endings)

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8
Q

pathway for light touch & conscious proprioception – upper limb

A

1st order: travels in fasciculus cuneatus & synapses in nucleus cuneatus in medulla

2nd order: axons travel in medial lemniscus to thalamus

3rd order: neuron conveys information from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory cortex

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9
Q

pathway for light touch & conscious proprioception – lower limb and trunk

A

1st order: travels in fasciculus gracilis & synapses in nucleus gracilis in medulla

2nd order: axons travel in medial lemniscus to thalamus

3rd order: neuron conveys information from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory cortex

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10
Q

primary somatosensory cortex receives what?

A

somatotopically organized information & discriminates the size, texture, & shape of objects

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11
Q

secondary somatosensory cortex analyzes what? and provides what?

A

analyzes information from the primary sensory area & the thalamus

provides stereognosis & memory of the tactile & spatial environment

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12
Q

what is homunculus?

A

a map developed by recording the responses of awake individuals during surgery

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13
Q

lesions BELOW decussation in medulla results in what?

A

ipsilateral loss of sensation

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14
Q

lesions ABOVE decussation in medulla results in what?

A

contralateral loss of sensation

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15
Q

fast nociception / temperature / crude touch pathway – from the body

A

1st order: dorsal root ganglion

2nd order: dorsal horn of spinal cord

3rd order: VPL nucleus of thalamus

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16
Q

fast nociception / temperature / crude touch pathway – from the face

A

1st order: trigeminal ganglion

2nd order: spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve

3rd order: VPM nucleus of thalamus

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17
Q

what does the cerebellum do?

A

adjusts posture and coordinates movement

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18
Q

cerebellum & spinocerebellar pathways integrate intended movement information from the frontal lobe with sensory information from:

A

vestibular receptors
proprioceptors
motor areas in brainstem & ventral horn of spinal cord

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19
Q

the cerebellum can be divided vertically into 3 functional regions:

A

vermis
paravermis
lateral hemispheres

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20
Q

what is the functional name of the vermis & paravermal region of the cerebellum?

A

spinocerebellum

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21
Q

spinocerebellum receives sensory information to do what?

A

make anticipatory & corrective & responsive adjustments to movement

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22
Q

what are the 2 general types of spinocerebellar pathways?

A
  1. high-fidelity pathways
  2. internal feedback tracts
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23
Q

what do the high-fidelity pathways do?

A

deliver information from peripheral receptors in muscles, tendons, & joints to cerebellum

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24
Q

what do the internal feedback tracts do?

A

provide information about spinal interneurons & descending motor tracts to cerebellum

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25
Q

what are the two high-fidelity pathways?

A
  1. posterior spinocerebellar pathways
  2. cuneocerebellar pathway
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26
Q

what does the posterior spinocerebellar pathway do?

A

transmits proprioceptive information from the lower limb and the lower trunk to the cerebellum

27
Q

order of posterior spinocerebellar pathway:

A

1st order: (cell body in DRG, peripheral receptor in lower limb/lower trunk) synapses in nucleus dorsalis of lumbar spinal cord

2nd order: axons form the posterior spinocerebellar tract that travels ipsilaterally through inferior cerebellar peduncle to cerebellar cortex

28
Q

what does the cuneocerebellar pathway do?

A

Transmits proprioceptive information from from proprioceptors in the neck, upper limb, and upper half of the trunk

29
Q

order of cuneocerebellar pathways:

A

1st order: neuron (cell body in DRG, peripheral receptor in upper limb) travels in dorsal columns and synapses in lateral cuneate nucleus of the lower medulla

2nd order: axons form the cuneocerebellar tract and ascend the medulla, then travel in the inferior cerebellar peduncle to the ipsilateral cerebellar cortex

30
Q

what are the 2 internal feedback tracts?

A
  1. anterior spinocerebellar tracts
  2. rostrospinocerebellar tracts
31
Q

what does the anterior spinocerebellar tract?

A

Transmits information from the thoracolumbar gray matter

32
Q

in the spinocerebellar tract the axons decussate & ascend where?

A

in the contralateral anterior spinocerebellar tract to the midbrain

33
Q

spinocerebellar tract divides in ________: some _______ others remain __________

A

midbrain
decussate
ipsilateral

34
Q

spinocerebellar tract enters cerebellum via what?

A

superior cerebellar peduncles

35
Q

each cerebellar hemisphere receives info from both sides of where?

A

the lower body

36
Q

what does the rostrospinocerebellar tract do?

A

Transmits information from the cervical spinal cord and T1 to the ipsilateral cerebellum

37
Q

rostrospinocerebellar tract enters the cerebellum via where?

A

the inferior and superior cerebellar peduncles

38
Q

medial motor tracts

A
  1. reticulospinal tract
  2. medial corticospinal tract
  3. medial vestibulospinal tract
  4. lateral vestibulospinal tract
39
Q

lateral motor tracts

A
  1. rubrospinal tract
  2. lateral corticospinal tract
40
Q

pyramidal tracts originate where?

A

the motor cortex

41
Q

what do pyramidal tracts do?

A

carry motor fibers to the spinal cord & brainstem

42
Q

what are pyramidal tracts responsible for?

A

the voluntary control of the skeletal muscles of the body and face

43
Q

extrapyramidal tracts originate where ?

A

the brainstem

44
Q

what do extrapyramidal tracts do?

A

carry motor fibers to the spinal cord

45
Q

what are extrapyramidal tracts responsible for?

A

the involuntary and automatic control of muscle tone, balance, posture and modulation of motor plans

46
Q

what do medial motor tracts do?

A

controls posture and gross movements that usually occurs automatically, without conscious effort

47
Q

what are the three tracts of the medial motor tract?

A
  1. reticulospinal tract
  2. medial & lateral vestibulospinal tracts
  3. medial corticospinal tract
48
Q

medial corticospinal tract facilitates motor neurons to:

A

neck, shoulder & trunk muscles

49
Q

reticulospinal tract facilitates motor neurons to:

A

bilateral postural muscles & gross limb movement muscles of entire body

50
Q

lateral vestibulospinal tract facilitates motor neurons to:

A

postural muscles

51
Q

medial vestibulospinal tract facilitates motor neurons to:

A

neck

52
Q

what is fractionation?

A

the ability to activate individual muscles independently of other muscles

53
Q

Two MTs that descend the lateral spinal cord and synapse with laterally located lower MN pools in ventral horn:

A
  1. rubrospinal
  2. lateral corticospinal
54
Q

rubrospinal tract has minor contribution to what?

A

the control of upper limb flexor muscles in adults

55
Q

rubrospinal tract arises in what?

A

the red nucleus of the midbrain, where the axons decussate before descending to synapse on contralateral MNs innervating wrist and finger flexors

56
Q

rubrospinal tract is where?

A

upper motor neuron in red nucleus

57
Q

lateral corticospinal tract is where?

A

upper motor neuron in motor cortex

58
Q

lateral corticospinal tract fractionates how?

A

by activating inhibitory neurons to prevent unwanted muscles from contracting

59
Q

what is the most important pathway for controlling voluntary movement of limbs?

A

lateral corticospinal tract

60
Q

in the lateral corticospinal tract where do most fibers decussate?

A

in pyramids of medulla (pyramidal decussation)

61
Q

Paths of corticospinal tracts are in the what?

A

brain

62
Q

Corticospinal neuron cell bodies are in the what?

A

cerebral cortex

63
Q

the corticospinal tract axons travel through the:

A
  1. corona radiata
  2. internal capsule
  3. cerebral peduncles
  4. anterior pons
  5. medullary pyramids (most fibers decussate here)
  6. spinal cord

DPT 500 (11 decks)

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