Quiz 1 - Brain

Question 1

Three plane for the brain

Answer 1

Sagittal
Horizontal
Coronal

Question 2

Sagittal

Answer 2

Separate right and left

Question 3

Horizontal

Answer 3

Separates superior and inferior

Question 4

Coronal

Answer 4

Separates posterior and anterior

Question 5

Many fiber tracts carrying motor and sensory information travel through the

Answer 5

Brain stem

Question 6

Brain stem contains important groups of neurons that control:

Answer 6

Equilibrium, cardiovascular activity, respiration, and other functions

Question 7

Brain stem is broken down into:

Answer 7

Medulla
Pons
Midbrain

Question 8

Reticular formation

Answer 8

Interconnected nuclei located throughout the brain stem
Includes:
1. Ascending reticular activating system
2. Reticulospinal tracts

Question 9

Ascending reticular activating system:

Answer 9

Ascends to the cortex and regulates wakefulness and consciousness

Question 10

Reticulospinal tracts

Answer 10

Descending pathways to the spinal cord

Question 11

Medulla

Answer 11

Houses cranial nerve nuclei, regulates homeostasis via several autonomic nuclei and connects brain to spinal cord

Question 12

Medulla contains

Answer 12

1. Pyramid
2. Olive

Question 13

Pyramid

Answer 13

Paired white matter structures of the brainstem’s medulla oblongata that contain motor fibers of the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts — known together as the pyramidal tracts

Question 14

Olive

Answer 14

Oval structures that contain the olivary nuclei, which is involved in cerebellar motor-learning and function (coordinates movement)

Question 15

Pons

Answer 15

Houses cranial nerve nuclei, connects forebrain to cerebellum, and regulates respiration via pontine respiratory center

Question 16

Midbrain contains

Answer 16

1. Cerebral peduncle
2. Superior colliculus
3. Inferior colliculus
4. Substantia Nigra
5. Red nucleus

Question 17

Cerebral peduncle and what is contains:

Answer 17

Two stalks that attach the cerebrum to the brain stem.
Contain the large ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) nerve tracts that run to and from the cerebrum from the pons

Question 18

Superior colliculus

Answer 18

Controls eye and head movements in response to visual stimuli

Question 19

Inferior colliculus

Answer 19

Sound location, orientating the body towards relevant stimuli, and discriminating pitch and rhythm

Question 20

Substantia nigra

Answer 20

Dopaminergic nucleus that modulates motor movement and reward functions as part of the basal ganglia circuitry.

Question 21

Substantia nigra is part of :

Answer 21

extrapyramidal motor system

Question 22

Extrapyramidal motor system

Answer 22

System that controls involuntary movements and whose fibers do not travel through the pyramids of the medulla, and do not directly innervate motor neurons in the spinal cord

Question 23

Red nucleus

Answer 23

Involved in motor coordination. Colored red blue due to presence of iron. Along with Substantia nigra, is a sub cortical center of the extrapyramidal motor system

Question 24

cerebellum consists of . . .

Answer 24

2 large cerebellar hemispheres and a midline vermia

Question 25

cerebellum connects to the posterior brainstem by large bundles of fibers called . . .

Answer 25

peduncles

Question 26

what is the cerebellum function?

Answer 26

coordinate movements

Question 27

diencephalon consists of 4 structures:

Answer 27

1. thalamus
2. hypothalamus
3. epithalamus
4. subthalamus

Question 28

thalamus:

Answer 28

relays sensory information to cerebral cortex; regulate arousal and awareness

Question 29

hypothalamus:

Answer 29

maintains homeostasis; regulates hormone secretion, body temperature, hunger and thirst, sleep cycle, and physiological responses to emotions

Question 30

pineal gland:

Answer 30

regulates circadian rhythm by producing melatonin

Question 31

subthalamic nucleus:

Answer 31

functions with basal ganglia to control movement

Question 32

basal ganglia:

Answer 32

involved in social and goal-oriented behavior, movement, and emotions

Question 33

components of the basal ganglia:

Answer 33

caudate
putamen
globus pallidus

Question 34

components of the limbic system:

Answer 34

amygdala
hippocampus
fornix
mammillary body
cingulate gyrus
claustrum