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DPT 500 > Quiz 1 - Spinal Cord, Cervical, Brachial, Lumbar & Sacral > Flashcards

Quiz 1 - Spinal Cord, Cervical, Brachial, Lumbar & Sacral Flashcards

1
Q

Three regions in the central nervous system

A

Spinal
Brain stem and cerebellar
Cerebrum

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2
Q

Spinal Region

A

Cross-section of the spinal cord reveals gray matter, forming a shape similar to the letter H surrounded by white matter

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3
Q

Gray matter contains:

A

Neuronal cell bodies & synapses

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4
Q

White matter contains:

A

Myelinated axons

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5
Q

Dorsal horn has ____ ? And ventral horn has ____?

A

Sensory and motor

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6
Q

Rootlets

A

Small bundles of nerve fibers (axons) attached to each side of the spinal cord
Merge to form roots (dorsal and ventral)

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7
Q

Posterior (dorsal) root ganglion (somatic and visceral)

A

Sensory neuronal cell bodies

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8
Q

Anterior (ventral) root

A

Motor/efferent fibers (somatic and visceral)

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9
Q

Two parts in the Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

Motor (efferent) division: goes out of the PNS
Sensory (afferent) division: goes into the PNS

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10
Q

Break down of Motor (efferent) division

A

Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

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11
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Motor innervation of all skeletal muscles

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12
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Motor innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

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13
Q

Autonomic nervous system broken down into:

A

Sympathies division (fight or flight)
Parasympathetic division (rest & digest)

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14
Q

Rootlets

A

Small bundles of nerve fibers (axons) attached to each side of the spinal cord
Merge to form roots (dorsal and ventral)

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15
Q

Posterior (dorsal) root

A

Sensory / afferent fibers (somatic and visceral)

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16
Q

Posterior (dorsal) root ganglion (spinal ganglion)

A

Sensory neuronal cell bodies

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17
Q

Anterior (ventral) root

A

Motor / efferent fibers (somatic and visceral)

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18
Q

Spinal Nerve

A

Posterior and anterior roots merge to form a spinal nerve

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19
Q

Spinal nerve exits vertebral column through intervertebral or sacral foramina than branches into:

A
  1. Posterior (dorsal) ramus
  2. Anterior (ventral) ramus
  3. Rami communicantes (communicating branches)
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20
Q

Posterior (dorsal) ramus

A

Supplies motor and sensory fibers to the back region

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21
Q

Anterior (ventral) ramus

A

Supplies motor and sensory fibers to antero-lateral trunk and limbs

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22
Q

Thoracic region

A

Remain distinct and innervate a narrow strip forming the intercostal nerves that reach targets without networking with other spinal nerves (DO NOT form plexuses)

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23
Q

Non-thoracic regions

A

Ventral rami converge to form networks called plexuses (bundle of rami)

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24
Q

Rami communicantes (communicating branches)

A

2 branches that connect to sympathetic trunk:
1. Gray ramus communicans
2. White ramus communicans (only in T1-L2)

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25
Q

Spinal Nerves

A

31 paired nerves
- 8 cervical (C1-C8) *there are only 7 cervical vertebrae
- 12 thoracic (T1-T12)
- 5 lumbar (L1-L5)
- 5 sacral (S1-S5)
- 1 coccygeal (Co)

26
Q

Cervical nerves numbered by vertebra below level they emerge EXCEPT:

A

C1 spinal nerve (aka suboccipital nerve) emerges ABOVE C1 vertebra
C8 exits below C7

27
Q

Spinal cord ends around vertebral level _____ as the _____.

A

L1/L2
Conus medullaris

28
Q

Thoracic, lumbar, and sacral nerves numbered by vertebra ____

A

ABOVE level they emerge
Ex: what is the vertebra that travels below T8 and T9?
- T8

29
Q

Spinal roots continually as the ______.

A

Cauda equina (horse tail)

30
Q

Plexuses

A

Composed of afferent and efferent fibers that arise from the merging of the anterior rami of spinal nerves
- cervical (C1-C4)
- brachial (C5 - T1)
- lumbar (L1-L4)
- sacral (L4-S4)
- coccygeal (S5-Co)

31
Q

C1-C3 roots anastomose to form a loop called

A

Ansa cervicalis

32
Q

Ansa Cervicalis is made up of the:

A

Innervation 3 of the 4 infrahyoid muscles (“strap muscles”): the sternothyroid, sternohyiod and omohyoid

33
Q

What nerve roots make up the phrenic nerve and where does it innervate?

A

C3, C4, C5 (technically part of the brachial plexus)
Innervation diaphragm

34
Q

Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII) and where does it innervate?

A

Not part of cervical plexus but contributes fibers to Ansa cervicalis
Innervates tongue muscles

35
Q

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) and where does it innervate?

A

Medulla to C6
Fibers ascend spinal cord and emerge from jugular foramen
Innervates trapezius (C3, C4) — elevates shoulders
Innervates sternocleidomastoid (C2-C4) — turns head

36
Q

Branches of nerve roots that innervate neck muscles:

A

Longs capitis, longs colli, scalenes, levator scapulae, recuts capitis, longus capitis

37
Q

Cutaneous nerves carry _______

A

Sensory information from skin

38
Q

Lesser occipital nerve

A

Innervates the skin and the scalp posterior to the auricle

39
Q

Great auricular nerve

A

Innervates skin near concha auricle (outer ear) and external acoustic meats (ear canal)

40
Q

Transverse cervical nerve

A

Innervates anterior region of neck

41
Q

supraclavicular nerves

A

Innervate the skin above and below the clavicle

42
Q

Cervical Plexus

A

Ventral rami of C1-C4
Emerge beneath sternocleidomastoid muscle
Innervates neck and head

43
Q

Brachial Plexus

A

Ventral rami of C5-T1
Located between anterior and middle scalene muscles in neck
Supraclavicular part in posterior triangle of neck
Infraclavicular part in axilla
Innervates muscles, joints, skin of upper limb

44
Q

Brachial plexus contains:

A

Ventral rami (roots)
Trunks
Divisions
Cords
Terminal nerves

45
Q

Ventral Rami (Roots)

A

C5 - T1

46
Q

Trunks

A

Superior (C5 & C6)
Middle (C7)
Inferior (C8 & T1)

47
Q

Divisions

A

Each trunk has anterior and posterior division
Posterior divisions combine to form posterior cord

48
Q

Cords

A

Named relative to axillary artery
Lateral
Posterior
Medial

49
Q

Terminal nerves

A

Musculocutaneous
Median
Radial
Ulnar

50
Q

Lumbar Plexus

A

T12 - L5 ventral rami
Formed within psoas major muscle
Motor and sensory innervation to pelvic girdle and lower limb

51
Q

Lumbar roots split to form anterior and posterior divisions in general:

A

Anterior supplies pelvis and medial thigh
Posterior supplies anterior thigh

52
Q

Sacral Plexus

A

L4-S4
- L4, L5 via lumbosacral trunk (technically located in lumbar plexus)
Rami split into anterior and posterior divisions

53
Q

Sacral plexus splits into

A

Leg, foot, gluteal and pelvic regions
Anterior of piriformis muscle and posterior to internal iliac artery and vein

54
Q

Sacral spinal nerves split into

A

Anterior and posterior rami prior to emerging from anterior and posterior sacral foramina respectively

55
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

L4-S3
Contains common fibulae and tibial divisions
- both travel together but remain separate in thigh
- innervate posterior thigh muscles (hamstring)

56
Q

Sciatic nerve — divisions split at

A

Popliteal fossa

57
Q

Common fibular

A

Lateral and anterior compartments of the leg and dorsum of foot

58
Q

Tibial

A

Posterior compartment of leg and plantar side of foot

59
Q

Example Question: What is the vertebra that travels between T8 and T9?

A

T8

60
Q

Example Question: What is the vertebra that travels between C4 and C5?

A

C5

61
Q

Example Question: What are the spinal roots of the cervical plexus?

A

C1 - C4

62
Q

Example Question: The posterior cord has what divisions associated with it?

A

3 divisions

DPT 500 (11 decks)

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