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BICH 410 > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

nitrogenous base of nucleotides include

A
  • 2 types of purine
  • 3 types of pyrimidines
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2
Q

NucleoTIDE contains

A
  • ribose or deoxyribose sugar
  • one or more phosphate group
  • nitrogenous base
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3
Q

DNA contains

A
  • Guanine
  • Adenine
  • Cytosine
  • Thymine Deoxyribonucleotide
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4
Q

RNA contains

A
  • Adenine
  • Guanine
  • Cytosine
  • Uracil ribonucleotides
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5
Q

___ Enable them to undergo keto-enol tautomerism

A

aromaticity and electron rich nature of pyrimidines and purines

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6
Q

Protonation states of nitrogen determines

A

wether they can serve as H-bond donors or acceptors

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7
Q

Aromaticity also accounts for ____

A

Absorption of UV light; the peak absorbance [maximum] is 260nm

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8
Q

common purine bases

A
  • adenine
  • guanine
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9
Q

UV absorption spectra

A

peak absorbance is at 260nm

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10
Q

common pyrimidine bases

A
  • cytosine
  • uracil
  • thymine
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11
Q

nucleotide base is linked to the sugar, ribose via

A

glycosidic bond

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12
Q

nucleotides are named by

A

adding -idine to the root name of pyrimidine or -osine to the root name of a purine

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13
Q

Sugars

A

can make nucleosides more water soluble than free bases

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14
Q

Nucleosides

A

get their sides from glycosides

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15
Q

The common nucleosides bases are shown as

A

anti

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16
Q

where do nucleotides get their tides from

A

phosphatides [ molecules linked to phosphate ]

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17
Q

most nucleotides are

A

ribonucleotides, RNA

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18
Q

DNA is a

A

deoxyribonucleotide

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19
Q

____ have many functions in the cell

A

ribonucleotides

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20
Q

ATP

A

is central to energy metabolism

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21
Q

GTP

A

drives protein synthesis

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22
Q

CTP

A

drives lipid synthesis

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23
Q

UTP

A

drives carbohydrate metabolism

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24
Q

Formation of ADP and ATP by the successive addition of phosphate groups via

A

phosphoric anhydride linkages aka phosphoanhydride bond

  • link phosphate groups
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25
Q

Nucleic acids are linear polymers of nucleotide slinked 3’ hydroxyl to 5’ phosphate of the next nucleotide by

A

phosphodiester bonds

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26
Q

nuclear acids are

A
  • RNA and DNA
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27
Q

sequence is always read

A

5’-3’

28
Q

3’-5’ phosphodiester bonds

A

link nucleotides together to form polynucleotide chains

29
Q

Noncovalent intramolecular bonds connect

A

complementary base pairs across double stranded stem

30
Q

the antiparallel nature of the DNA double helix means that

A

the two chains have opposite orientations

31
Q

ribosomal rna

A

the basis of structure and function of ribosomes

32
Q

messenger rna

A

carries message for protein synthesis

33
Q

transfer rna

A

carries the amino acid for protein synthesis

34
Q

the double helix is stabilized by

A

hydrogen bonds

35
Q

base pairs arise from

A

h-bonds : A-T, C-G

36
Q

erwin chargaff

A

had the pairing data but didnt understand its implications

37
Q

rosalind franklin

A

x-ray fiber diffraction data was key

38
Q

Francis crick

A

recognized it was a helix with bases inside

39
Q

James Watson

A

figured out h bonds using model building

40
Q

jerry Donahue

A

knew the keto tautomer predominate at pH=7

41
Q

product of dna

A

transcription

42
Q

in prokaryotes

A
  • a single mrna contain the information for synthesis of many proteins
43
Q

in eukaryotes

A

a single mrna codes for just one protein but structure is composed of introns and exons

44
Q

hnRNA

A

mixed introns and exons with polyA tail

45
Q

intron

A

intervening sequence

46
Q

exons

A

coding sequence

47
Q

poly A tail

A

stability

48
Q

____ produces final mRNA without introns

A

splicing

49
Q

rRNA

A

serves as a scaffold for ribosomal proteins

50
Q

genetic information in the

A

nucleotide sequence of mRNA is translated into the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain by ribosomes

51
Q

tRNA

A

carries amino acid to the ribosome

52
Q

3-‘ terminal sequence is CCA-3’-OH

A

the amino acid is attached in ester linkage to this 3’-OH

53
Q

substrates of photosynthesis

A

amino acyl tRNA

54
Q

2 differences between DNA and RNA

A
  • dna contains 2-deoxyribose instead of ribose
  • dna contains thymine instead of uracil
55
Q

5-methyl group on thymine

A

labels it as a special kind of stabilized ‘uracil’ partner for A, protected from DNA repair enzymes

56
Q

DNA lacking 2-OH’

A

is more stable

57
Q

close or vicuna OH groups (2’ and 3’)

A

make RNA more susceptible to hydrolysis

58
Q

nucleic acid fragments are separated by size using

A

electrophoresis

59
Q

restriction enzymes

A
  • ## nucleic acids being cut at specific sequences
60
Q

DNA polymerase

A

generate DNA fragments that are randomly terminated

61
Q

Types II and III restriction enzymes

A

cleave DNA chains at selected sites

62
Q

an enzyme that requires a 6-base sequence is a

A

six-cutter

63
Q

Type II restriction enzyme

A
  • no ATP required
  • recognition sites in double stranded DNA have a 2-fold symmetry
  • 2- fold symmetry in a double stranded DNA site is a “palindromic site”
  • cleavage can leave staggered or ‘sticky’ ends or can produce ‘blunt’ ends
64
Q

nucleic acids are polyanions which are

A

attracted to the anode charge key characteristics of DNA synthesis

65
Q

key characteristics of DNA synthesis

A
  1. 4 deoxynucleoside triphosphate and mg 2+ required
  2. a template strand is used to direct DNA synthesis
  3. a primer from which the new strand grows must be present
  4. many dna polymerases have nucleic activity that allows for the removal of mismatched bases
66
Q

dNTPs

A

are considered to be active precursors because the subsequent breakdown of the released pyrophosphate helps to drive the phosphodiester bond formation

67
Q

DNA polymerase catalyzes

A

phosphodiester-bridge formation

BICH 410 (13 decks)

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