Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Bio molecules

A

Are constructed hierarchically from a limited number of elements

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2
Q

Certain functional groups and linkages

A

Characterize different types of biomolecules

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3
Q

Polymers

A

Simple molecules condensed to form more complex ones

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4
Q

Covalent bond

A

Formation by electron pair sharing makes H, C, O, N appropriate to support life

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5
Q

Bond energy

A

The energy required to break the covalent bond

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6
Q

Condensation

A

Loss of water

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7
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Splitting of adding elements of water

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8
Q

Compartmentalization

A

Promotes efficiency by maintaining high local concentrations of reactants

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9
Q

The simplest cells

A

Prokaryotes

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10
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Have organelles

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11
Q

Energy

A

Must be conserved

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12
Q

Enthalpy

A

Is equivalent to heat

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13
Q

Entropy

A

Is a systems measure of disorder, tends to increase

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14
Q

Free energy change

A

Is determined by the change in enthalpy and the change of entropy

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15
Q

Spontaneous process

A

Occurs with a decrease in free energy

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16
Q

Free energy change can be calculated from

A

Temperature and concentrations and stoichiometry of reactants and products

17
Q

Standard state conditions

A
  • 25 C or 298 K
  • pressure 1 atm
  • ph of 7
18
Q

Organisms

A
  • non equilibrium open systems
19
Q

Positive H

A

Heat must be supplied from the surrounding to the system

20
Q

Negative H

A

Heat is given off by the system

21
Q

Positive G

A

Work must be supplied to the system

22
Q

Negative G

A

System gives off energy that can be coupled to another process that requires work

23
Q

Positive S

A

More degrees of freedom, system is being more disordered

24
Q

Negative S

A

less degrees of freedom, system is being more ordered

25
2nd Law
The entropy of the universe ( isolated system ) always increases
26
The cell
Is an open system so the entropy can increase outside the cell
27
G = 0
Is at equilibrium
28
G < 0
( negative ) Is spontaneous and exergonic
29
G > 0
( positive ) is opposed (non spontaneous) and endergonic
30
Biochemical standard state
- temp 25C - 298 K - pressure 1 atm - concentrations of each reactant and product 1M - pH = 7 - the concentration of water (55.5 M) is constant
31
Delta g prime non standard conditions
- means reactants and product concentrations are far from 1M
32
macromolecules facts
- have a sense of directionality - are informational - 3D architecture: non covalent complementarith - weak forces maintain biological structure & determine interactions