quiz Flashcards
what are the 6 signs of life
metabolism responsiveness movement growth differentiation reproduction
give 2 examples of physiological variables in the body which need to be kept within tight limits
core temp water/electrolyte balance ph body fluids - acid/alkaline balance blood glucose levels blood & tissue 02/c02 levels blood pressure
give ex of something regulated by a positive feedback mechanism
blood clotting
milk production
uterine contractions
name the 4 body cavities
cranial
thoracic
abdominal
pelvic
which body cavity would you find the urethra in
pelvis
which body cavity would you find the bronchi in
thoracic
which body cavity would you find the pancreas in
abdominal
what do we call the family of cell stat don’t have a nucleus
prokaryoyae
what do we call the basic watery fluid inside cells
cytosol
describe the structure of a plasma membrane
phospholipid bi layer
protein markers
what do plant cells have that humans do not
cell wall
which human cell doesn’t have a nucleus
red blood cell
how many pairs of chromosomes would you find in a human cell
23
what is the job of the mitochondria
energy production
what is the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
rough ER has ribosomes embedded in the surface
what to lysosomes contain
digestive enzymes
which cell organelle forms cilia and flagella
microtubules
what are the names of the two methods of cell division?
mitosis
meiosis
which type of cell stops being able to do mitosis once we are adults
nerve cell
how many chromosomes in a diploid cell
46
which form of cell division produces 2 identical daughter cells?
Mitosis
Which form of cell division is used to make gametes?
Meiosis
What is mutation?
change in the genetic code
What are the two steps of protein synthesis called
transcription
translation
Which form of transport across cell membranes requires ATP?
Active transport
What is osmosis
movement of water down it’s concentrated gradient
what is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
In facilitated diffusion the substance must pass through protein channels to get into the cell.
give main functions of plasma membrane
border to cytoplasm
transport of substances
provides cell identity
main function of nucleus
contains genetic info
main function of ribosomes
synthesise proteins
main function of mitochondria
produce energy (ATP) with Oxygen
Number of daughter cells formed mitosis?
2 daughter cells
number of daughter cells formed meiosis?
4 daughter cells
number of chromosomes in daughter cell meiosis
23
number of chromosomes in daughter cell mitosis
46
recombination of genes mitosis?
no
recombination of genes meiosis?
yes
Which types of cell formed mitosis
somatic
which type of cell formed meiosis?
gametes
describe structure of plasma membrane and explain 2 main functions
phospholipid bilayer with membrane proteins
contains cell contents and controls cellular traffic
membrane proteins play a role in transport/immunological identity/act as receptors
Process of Mitosis involves 2 divisions True/False
F
After Mitosis each new cell is diploid True/false
T
Meiosis creates 4 new identical body cells True/false
F
At the end of Meiosis the cells contain 23 chromosomes True/false
T
Mitosis results in a recombination of genes true/false
F
one function of Lysosomes
Digests waste products
one function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Synthesises lipids
one function of Ribosomes
one function of golgi apparatus
One role of plasma membrane protein
assists in transport
immunological identity
act as receptors
3 key parts of feedback loop/control system
detectors
control centre
effectors
output reverses input - which feedback mechanism?
negative
output reinforces input - which feedback mechanism/
posistive
7 layers of bodily organisation (+ life force)
atoms/molecules cells tissues organs systens organism
what separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity
diaphragm
What is the function of the cell wall in plants?
controls turgidity
Where is the DNA/RNA in prokaryotic cells?
dispersed throughout cytoplasm
What membrane-bound organelles do prokaryotic cells have
none except ribosomes
can prokaryotic cells be multi cellular?
No ALWAYS single-celled.
what is the term for single celled organisms?
Unicellular organisms
What are the 2 different layers of phospholipids in the bi-layer (cell membrane) known as/
hydrophobic
hydrophyllic
what are the proteins in the bi-layer known as
trans-membrane proteins
3 jobs trans-membrane proteins
immunological identity
receptors for hormones etc
transport proteins
what is at the centre of the nucleus?
Nucleolus
spherical cluster DNA RNA
