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Cytology > Cytology > Flashcards

Cytology Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is cell’s flexible outer surface called?

A

Plasma membrane

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3
Q

What are all the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus called?

A

Cytoplasm

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4
Q

What is another term for ‘intracellular fluid’?

A

Cytosol

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5
Q

What are the little organs within the cytoplasm called?

A

Organelles

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6
Q

What is the large organelle which houses most of the cell’s DNA called?

A

Nucleus

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7
Q

Describe the plasma membrane

A

A phospholipid bilayer with markers Like a fluid mosaic A selective barrier that regulates the flow of materials into and out of a cell.

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8
Q

Which are the protein factories?

A

Ribosomes

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9
Q

What can be rough or smooth

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

What makes the rough ER rough? I

A

Bubbles of ribosomes

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11
Q

Which are the suicide sacks?

A

Lysosomes

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12
Q

Which are the energy powerhouses?

A

Mitochondria

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13
Q

What is the energy currency

A

ATP

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14
Q

What bit of a cell do only plants have

A

Cell wall Fibre comes from when eating our greens

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15
Q

What type of cell has no nucleus- the RNA/DNA is dispersed throughout cytoplasm

A

Prokaryotic

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16
Q

Which type of cell has a complex cell wall

A

Prokaryotic

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17
Q

Which type of cell has a nucleus

A

Eukaryotic

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18
Q

Which type of cell has no organelles (except ribosomes)

A

Prokaryotic

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19
Q

Which type of cell is always single Unicellular organism

A

Prokaryotic

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20
Q

What is the ‘rats tail’ of a cell called

A

Flagellum

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21
Q

Which organelle does respiration take place in

A

Mitochondria

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22
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane

A

Controls traffic in and out of cell

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23
Q

Define the two layers of phospholipids

A

Hydrophilic, water loving, heads to the outside Hydrophobic, water hating, tails to the inside

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24
Q

Where are the trans membrane proteins and describe their 3 functions

A

Span through the plasma membrane surrounded by the phospholipid bi-layer. Immunological identity (combined with carbohydrate molecules) Receptors for hormones etc Transport proteins

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25
Q

Which is the only eukaryotic cell without a nucleus and why

A

Erythrocytes red blood cells More room for haemoglobin which carries oxygen Bendier so travels more easily

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26
Q

What is at the edge of the nucleus?

A

Nuclear membrane

27
Q

What is at the centre of the nucleus Describe it

A

Nucleolus Spherical cluster of protein DNA and RNA. Visible when cell is not dividing

28
Q

Where are chromosomes found and what are they?

A

Found in a cell’s nucleus Long threads of DNA Each made up of many genes

29
Q

What do DNA molecules carry?

A

The genetic code which determines the characteristics of a living organism.

30
Q

What is a gene

A

A section of DNA which codes for a specific protein Unit of heredity Can be copied and passed on to next gen

31
Q

What is the structure of DNA

A

double helix

32
Q

What are two types of markers in the cell membrane?

A

(transport) proteins Carbohydrate chains

33
Q

DNA is in the nucleus within strands of -

34
Q

What do mitochondria produce with the help of oxygen

35
Q

What re the inner folds of the mitochondria called

36
Q

which is the 2nd largest organelle

A

Mitochondria

37
Q

Which organelles make up 25% cell mass?

38
Q

Describe two types of Ribosomes

A

stationary - embedded in rough ER mobile - injects proteins directly into cytoplasm

39
Q

Where does the Endoplasmic Reticulum stretch to and from

A

cell membrane to nucleus

40
Q

What does the rough ER do?

A

Ribosomes embedded synthesizes/transports proteins

41
Q

What does the smooth ER do?

A

Synthesises/transports lipids/steroid hormones breakdown toxins

42
Q

What is Krebs cycle?

A

Part of cellular respiration

43
Q

Where would you find the Golgi Apparatus?

A

Near the nucleus

44
Q

How are Glogi Apparatus composed?

A

Numerous membranous layers forming a sac

45
Q

What do Golgi A. do?

A

packages proteins from the ER

46
Q

Which is the packaging plant of the cell?

A

Golgi Apparatus

47
Q

Which are smaller - Vesicles or Vacuoles

48
Q

Describe the structure of Vesicles & Vacuoles

A

Membrane bound sacs containing a fluid solution

49
Q

Which are the pick up trucks of the cell moving things around?

A

Vesicles and Vacuoles

50
Q

What is the function of Vesicles/Vacuoles?

A

Storage, digestion, waste removal, transport. Move substances between structures within the cell AND in and out of the cell.

51
Q

Which is the special type of vesicle containing strong digestive enzymes?

52
Q

What happens if a Lysosome ruptures?

A

Strong digestive enzyme will digest whole cell.

53
Q

What is the function of the lysosomes?

A

Digest what they can, spit out what they can’t! Digestive plant for proteins, lipids and carbs transports digested material to cell membrane for removal

54
Q

Where are microtubules found?

A

Form Cytoskeleton Flagella Cilia assembled in the centrioles

55
Q

What are long, un-branched hollow tubes of protein?

A

Microtubules

56
Q

What support and shape the cell?

A

Microtubules

57
Q

Describe function of microtubules

A

support/shape cell aids movement of materials in/out of cell aids movement of cell as forms cilia & flagella Aids cell division/reproduction in Centrioles

58
Q

Which are the paired cylindrical organelles in the shape of an X?

A

Centrioles

59
Q

Where are centrioles found?

A

In the Centrisome near the nucleus

60
Q

What are centrioles made of?

A

microtubules

61
Q

How many sets of X shaped centralise are there in a cell?

62
Q

Which key process are the Centrioles involved in?

A

Cell division.

63
Q

2 main functions of plasma membrane

A

contain cell contents controls cellular traffic

64
Q

role of proteins in plasma membrane

A

transport immunological identity act as receptors

Cytology (7 decks)

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