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Cytology > Cellular Reproduction > Flashcards

Cellular Reproduction Flashcards

0
Q

What is the derivation of the word mitosis

A

Mitos - warp thread
Osis - process

Greek

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1
Q

What is cellular reproduction for all cells apart from sex cells called

A

Mitosis

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2
Q

Define mitosis

A

1 division creating 2 identical daughter cells

Full set of chromosomes is first duplicated then evenly distributed into both daughter cells

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3
Q

What processes does mitosis facilitate

A

Growth

Repair

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4
Q

Describe some cells with different rates of mitosis

A

Skin - continuous

Nerve/muscle/egg - stop soon after birth

Liver - only if repairing minor damage

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5
Q

What is important for the body to remember about mitosis

A

When to stop!

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6
Q

What are our sex cells called

A

Gametes

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7
Q

What is the term for cellular reproduction of the gametes

A

Meiosis

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8
Q

Describe the process of meiosis

A

2 divisions
Crossing over of homologous pairs

=

Recombination of genes

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9
Q

What type of nucleus do all gametes have

A

Haploid nucleus

1/2 masculine

1/2 feminine

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10
Q

What type of nucleus do all somatic cells have

A

Diploid nucleus

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11
Q

How many chromosome pairs in a haploid nucleus

A

23

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12
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes in a diploid nucleus

A

46

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13
Q

How many of what type of cell are produced via mitosis

A

2 diploid cells

46 chromosomes each

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14
Q

How many of what type of cell does meiosis produce

A

4 haploid gamete cells

23 chromosomes each

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15
Q

What is a female gamete

A

An ovum

Egg

16
Q

What is a male gamete

A

A sperm

17
Q

What is fertilisation

A

Fusion of male & female gamete

18
Q

What type of cell does fertilisation create

A

Zygote
A diploid cell
2 copies of each chromosome
Usually 1 from mother, 1 from father

19
Q

What happens to the zygote when it is formed

A

Zygote undergoes mitosis
Develops into embryo
Then foetus

20
Q

Number of divisions in mitosis/meiosis

A

1 mitosis

2 meiosis

21
Q

No daughter cells mitosis/meiosis

A

2 mitosis

4 meiosis

22
Q

Number chromosomes in daughter cells meiosis/mitosis

A

Mitosis 46

Meiosis 23

23
Q

Diploid or haploid cells produced mitosis/meiosis

A

Diploid mitosis

Haploid meiosis

24
Q

Daughter cells identical or different

A

Different meiosis

Identical mitosis

25
Q

What produces 2 new identical diploid body cells

A

Mitosis

26
Q

What produces 4 unique haploid reproductive cells

A

Meiosis

27
Q

Purpose of cells made via

Mitosis

Meiosis

A

Mitosis - body cell growth & repair

Meiosis- reproduction, making gametes (eggs/sperm).

Cytology (7 decks)

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