Cellular Reproduction Flashcards
What is the derivation of the word mitosis
Mitos - warp thread
Osis - process
Greek
What is cellular reproduction for all cells apart from sex cells called
Mitosis
Define mitosis
1 division creating 2 identical daughter cells
Full set of chromosomes is first duplicated then evenly distributed into both daughter cells
What processes does mitosis facilitate
Growth
Repair
Describe some cells with different rates of mitosis
Skin - continuous
Nerve/muscle/egg - stop soon after birth
Liver - only if repairing minor damage
What is important for the body to remember about mitosis
When to stop!
What are our sex cells called
Gametes
What is the term for cellular reproduction of the gametes
Meiosis
Describe the process of meiosis
2 divisions
Crossing over of homologous pairs
=
Recombination of genes
What type of nucleus do all gametes have
Haploid nucleus
1/2 masculine
1/2 feminine
What type of nucleus do all somatic cells have
Diploid nucleus
How many chromosome pairs in a haploid nucleus
23
How many pairs of chromosomes in a diploid nucleus
46
How many of what type of cell are produced via mitosis
2 diploid cells
46 chromosomes each
How many of what type of cell does meiosis produce
4 haploid gamete cells
23 chromosomes each
What is a female gamete
An ovum
Egg
What is a male gamete
A sperm
What is fertilisation
Fusion of male & female gamete
What type of cell does fertilisation create
Zygote
A diploid cell
2 copies of each chromosome
Usually 1 from mother, 1 from father
What happens to the zygote when it is formed
Zygote undergoes mitosis
Develops into embryo
Then foetus
Number of divisions in mitosis/meiosis
1 mitosis
2 meiosis
No daughter cells mitosis/meiosis
2 mitosis
4 meiosis
Number chromosomes in daughter cells meiosis/mitosis
Mitosis 46
Meiosis 23
Diploid or haploid cells produced mitosis/meiosis
Diploid mitosis
Haploid meiosis
Daughter cells identical or different
Different meiosis
Identical mitosis
What produces 2 new identical diploid body cells
Mitosis
What produces 4 unique haploid reproductive cells
Meiosis
Purpose of cells made via
Mitosis
Meiosis
Mitosis - body cell growth & repair
Meiosis- reproduction, making gametes (eggs/sperm).
