Quiz 2 MP3

Question 1

Base pair DNA to DNA

Answer 1

Adenine –> Thymine
Thymine –> Adenine
Cytosine –> Guanine
Guanine –> Cystosine

Question 2

Base pair DNA to RNA (messenger RNA (mRNA))
What is the process called?

Answer 2

Adenine –> Uracil
Thymine –> Adenine
Cytosine –> Guanine
Guanine –> Cytosine
Transcription

Question 3

Base pair RNA to RNA (mRNA to tRNA)

Answer 3

Adenine –> Uracil
Uracil –>Adenine
Cytosine –> Guanine
Guanine –> Cytosine

Question 4

Define insertion

Answer 4

When a part of a chromatid breaks off and reattaches to a sister chromatid

Question 5

Define deletion

Answer 5

When a part of a chromatid is left out or removed

Question 5

Define duplication

Answer 5

When a section of a chromosome is copied and remains attached to the same chromosome

Question 6

Define inversion

Answer 6

Part of a chromosome breaks off and attached backwards

Question 7

Define translocation

Answer 7

Part of two chromosomes break offand attaches to the other different chromosome (switches places)

Question 8

Define point mutation

Answer 8

A change in a single base pair in DNA

Question 9

Define frameshift mutation

Answer 9

A single base is lost or added from DNA changing the CODON being read by the ribosome

Question 10

What are the three types of RNA?

Answer 10

mRNA (messenger)
rRNA (ribosomal)
tRNA (transfer)

Question 11

What is the job of mRNA? (messenger RNA)

Answer 11

“recipe”
DNA –> mRNA
Transcription
Bring info from DNA to the ribosome

Question 12

What is the job of rRNA? (ribosomal RNA)

Answer 12

“chef”
Reads the mRNA and TRANSLATES the codon

Question 13

What is the job of tRNA? (transfer RNA)

Answer 13

“supplier”
“shopper”
Delivers amino acid components to the ribosome

Question 14

Compare DNA to RNA (# of strands, nitrogenous bases, sugar, # of types)

Answer 14

DNA - 2 strands, ATGC, deoxyribose, one type
RNA - 1 strand, AUGC, ribose, three (messenger, ribosomal, transfer)

Question 15

What nucleotide is NOT found in RNA?

Answer 15

Thymine

Question 16

Proteins are made of monomers called

Answer 16

Amino acids

Question 17

T/F: Mutations are only bad changes in a DNA sequence which can be caused by errors in replication, transcription, cell division, or external agents.

Answer 17

FALSE (can be a positive change as well)

Question 18

Each amino acid in a protein is represented by what?

Answer 18

A codon

Question 19

The process of making RNA from DNA is

Answer 19

Transcription

Question 20

The process of making proteins from RNA is

Answer 20

Translation

Question 21

Where is mRNA made?

Answer 21

The nucleus

Question 22

Where is mRNA made?

Answer 22

The nucleus

Question 23

When a part of a chromatid breaks off and reattaches to a sister chromatid

Answer 23

Insertion

Question 24

When a part of a chromatid is left out or removed

Answer 24

Deletion

Question 25

When a section of a chromosome is copied and remains attached to the same chromosome

Answer 25

Duplication

Question 26

Part of a chromosome breaks off and attached backwards

Answer 26

Inversion

Question 27

Part of two chromosomes break offand attaches to the other different chromosome (switches places)

Answer 27

Translocation

Question 28

A change in a single base pair in DNA

Answer 28

Point mutation

Question 29

A single base is lost or added from DNA changing the CODON being read by the ribosome

Answer 29

Frameshift mutation

Question 30

Put the steps in order for protein synthesis in your own words

Answer 30

1.mRNA enters the nucleus and copies a section of DNA (the recipe) this is called transcription 2.mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosomes. The rRNA reads the codons present on the mRNA to build the correct amino acids (the chef). This is called translation. 3.tRNA (the supplier) gathers amino acids and delivers them to the ribosomes to be assesmbled into proteins.

Question 31

To check for Trisomy and other Genetic Abnormalities

Answer 31

Scientists compile a chart known as a KARYOTYPE

Question 32

Any change in the DNA sequence (positive or negative) is called a

Answer 32

MUTATION

Question 33

A mutation can be caused by errors during

Answer 33

DNA replication, transcription, cell division (The Cell Cycle/Mitosis or Meiosis) or by external factors

Question 34

Mutations can affect the

Answer 34

reproductive cells of an organism by changing the sequence of nucleotides within a gene in a sperm or an egg cell

Question 35

Types of Mutations

Answer 35

Deletion Insertion Inversion Translocation Point mutation Frameshift mutation