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Biology > Quiz 2 MP3 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 MP3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Base pair DNA to DNA

A

Adenine –> Thymine
Thymine –> Adenine
Cytosine –> Guanine
Guanine –> Cystosine

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2
Q

Base pair DNA to RNA (messenger RNA (mRNA))
What is the process called?

A

Adenine –> Uracil
Thymine –> Adenine
Cytosine –> Guanine
Guanine –> Cytosine
Transcription

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3
Q

Base pair RNA to RNA (mRNA to tRNA)

A

Adenine –> Uracil
Uracil –>Adenine
Cytosine –> Guanine
Guanine –> Cytosine

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4
Q

Define insertion

A

When a part of a chromatid breaks off and reattaches to a sister chromatid

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5
Q

Define deletion

A

When a part of a chromatid is left out or removed

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5
Q

Define duplication

A

When a section of a chromosome is copied and remains attached to the same chromosome

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6
Q

Define inversion

A

Part of a chromosome breaks off and attached backwards

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7
Q

Define translocation

A

Part of two chromosomes break offand attaches to the other different chromosome (switches places)

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8
Q

Define point mutation

A

A change in a single base pair in DNA

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9
Q

Define frameshift mutation

A

A single base is lost or added from DNA changing the CODON being read by the ribosome

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10
Q

What are the three types of RNA?

A

mRNA (messenger)
rRNA (ribosomal)
tRNA (transfer)

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11
Q

What is the job of mRNA? (messenger RNA)

A

“recipe”
DNA –> mRNA
Transcription
Bring info from DNA to the ribosome

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12
Q

What is the job of rRNA? (ribosomal RNA)

A

“chef”
Reads the mRNA and TRANSLATES the codon

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13
Q

What is the job of tRNA? (transfer RNA)

A

“supplier”
“shopper”
Delivers amino acid components to the ribosome

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14
Q

Compare DNA to RNA (# of strands, nitrogenous bases, sugar, # of types)

A

DNA - 2 strands, ATGC, deoxyribose, one type
RNA - 1 strand, AUGC, ribose, three (messenger, ribosomal, transfer)

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15
Q

What nucleotide is NOT found in RNA?

A

Thymine

16
Q

Proteins are made of monomers called

A

Amino acids

17
Q

T/F: Mutations are only bad changes in a DNA sequence which can be caused by errors in replication, transcription, cell division, or external agents.

A

FALSE (can be a positive change as well)

18
Q

Each amino acid in a protein is represented by what?

A

A codon

19
Q

The process of making RNA from DNA is

A

Transcription

20
Q

The process of making proteins from RNA is

A

Translation

21
Q

Where is mRNA made?

A

The nucleus

22
Q

Where is mRNA made?

A

The nucleus

23
Q

When a part of a chromatid breaks off and reattaches to a sister chromatid

A

Insertion

24
Q

When a part of a chromatid is left out or removed

A

Deletion

25
Q

When a section of a chromosome is copied and remains attached to the same chromosome

A

Duplication

26
Q

Part of a chromosome breaks off and attached backwards

A

Inversion

27
Q

Part of two chromosomes break offand attaches to the other different chromosome (switches places)

A

Translocation

28
Q

A change in a single base pair in DNA

A

Point mutation

29
Q

A single base is lost or added from DNA changing the CODON being read by the ribosome

A

Frameshift mutation

30
Q

Put the steps in order for protein synthesis in your own words

A

1.mRNA enters the nucleus and copies a section of DNA (the recipe) this is called transcription

2.mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosomes. The rRNA reads the codons present on the mRNA to build the correct amino acids (the chef). This is called translation.

3.tRNA (the supplier) gathers amino acids and delivers them to the ribosomes to be assesmbled into proteins.

31
Q

To check for Trisomy and other Genetic Abnormalities

A

Scientists compile a chart known as a KARYOTYPE

32
Q

Any change in the DNA sequence (positive or negative) is called a

A

MUTATION

33
Q

A mutation can be caused by errors during

A

DNA replication, transcription, cell division (The Cell Cycle/Mitosis or Meiosis) or by external factors

34
Q

Mutations can affect the

A

reproductive cells of an organism by changing the sequence of nucleotides within a gene in a sperm or an egg cell

35
Q

Types of Mutations

A

Deletion
Insertion
Inversion
Translocation
Point mutation
Frameshift mutation

Biology (8 decks)

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